Preparation and characterization of a pencil graphite electrode modified with gold nanoparticles decorated poly (l-methionine) and its use in the simultaneous sensitive electrochemical analysis of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, and caffeine

Background: The exceptional characteristics of cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoscales have inspired significant attention to those nanocomposites as possible electroactive resources for applications of sensing and biosensing. Methods: In this research, an innovative new factionalized CeO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite membrane sensor was presented to assess tramadol hydrochloride (TRD) in marketable products. Results: Tramadol-phosphomolybdate (TRD-PM) was formed by mixing tramadol hydrochloride and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) in the attendance of polymeric matrix and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether solvent mediator. With 1.0 × 10−10–1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 as a range of linearity and EmV = (57.567 ± 0.2) log [TRD] + 676.29 as a regression equation, the functionalized sensor using TRD-PM-CeO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite showed great selectivity and sensitivity for the discriminating and measurement of TRD. Using the regression equation EmV = (52.143 ± 0.4) log [TRD] + 431.45, the unmodified coated wire sensor of TRD-PM, on the other hand, showed a Nernstian response between 1.0 × 10−6 and 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1, Using the methodology’s specified guidelines, the proposed improved potentiometric system was validated against several criteria. Conclusion: The suggested method is suitable for the determination of TRD in its products.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/8/1373/pdf?version=1650106059

Advanced Functionalized CeO2/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Sensor for Determination of Opioid Medication Tramadol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

BACKGROUND
The popularity of beverages like cold coffee, Ice tea and energy drinks has tremendously rise among athletes and youths. Energy drinks are used to enhance performance due to the presence of high amount of caffeine and sugars, also other constituents like; vitamins, amino acids, taurine, extracts of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, guarana and other herbal products. Commercial drinks are promoted as being beneficial to health; conversely, thus it is important concern regarding adverse effects linked with these drinks or products.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to develop and validate Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-PDA) method for the estimation of caffeine (CFN) in eight marketed non-alcoholic drinks including 2 soft drinks and 6 energy drinks.


METHODS
The chromatographic separation of CFN was achieved on Acquity UPLC® CSHTM C18 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column, using isocratic mode, mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water (30:70, v/v) at flow rate 0.3 mL/min using injection volume 1 µL.


RESULTS
The elution of CFN occurred at 1.06 min and calibration curve of the CFN was computed from the peak area ratio detected at 273 nm. All the validation para meters were found within the assay variability limits as per ICH guidelines. The obtained results revealed that the soft drinks SD1 and SD2 have 87.21 ± 1.28 and 101.81 ± 1.52% (w/w), whereas CFN concentration in energy drink brands ED1, ED2, ED3, ED4, ED5, and ED6 were 95.90 ± 1.62, 64.0 ± 1.07, 76.68 ± 1.95, 74.97 ± 2.33, 82.09 ± 2.43, and 88.04 ± 2.94% (w/w) of labelled claims, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The developed UPLC method was found suitable for the quality control of commercial soft and energy drinks containing caffeine content.

Development and Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Caffeine in Non-Alcoholic Soft and Energy Drinks.

The popularity of beverages such as cold coffee, iced tea, and energy drinks has risen tremendously among athletes and youths. Energy drinks are used to enhance performance due to the presence of a high amount of caffeine (CFN) and sugars, as well as other constituents such as vitamins, amino acids, taurine, extracts of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, guarana, and other herbal products. Commercial drinks are promoted as being beneficial to health; thus it is an important concern regarding adverse effects linked with these drinks or products.The aim of the study is to develop and validate the ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method for the estimation of CFN in eight marketed non-alcoholic drinks including two soft drinks and six energy drinks.The chromatographic separation of CFN was achieved on Acquity UPLC® CSHTM C18 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column, using isocratic mode, mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water (30:70, v/v) at a flow rate 0.3 mL/min using injection volume 1 µL.The elution of CFN occurred at 1.06 min, and the calibration curve of the CFN was computed from the peak area ratio detected at 273 nm. All the validation parameters were found within the assay variability limits as per ICH guidelines. The obtained results revealed that the soft drinks SD1 and SD2 have 87.21 ± 1.28 and 101.81 ± 1.52% (w/w), whereas CFN concentration in energy drink brands ED1, ED2, ED3, ED4, ED5, and ED6 was 95.90 ± 1.62, 64.0 ± 1.07, 76.68 ± 1.95, 74.97 ± 2.33, 82.09 ± 2.43, and 88.04 ± 2.94% (w/w) of labeled claims, respectively.The developed UPLC method was found suitable for the quality control of commercial soft and energy drinks containing CFN.The developed chromatographic method is very simple, cost effective and could be utilized for the routine analysis of caffeine in the soft and energy drinks. 

OUP accepted manuscript

Facile preparation of highly uniform and stable AuNPs/rGO-PEDOT:PSS hybrid film for electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical residue in water

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and tramadol hydrochloride (TRA) are important drugs widely used for many clinical purposes. Determination of their contents is of the paramount interest. In this respect, a quick, simple and sensitive isocratic RP-HPLC method with photodiode array detection was developed for the determination of paracetamol, caffeine and tramadol in pharmaceutical formulations. An improved sensitive procedure was also evolved for tramadol using a fluorescence detector system. A C18 column and a mobile phase constituted by methanol/phosphate were used. LODs were found to be 0.2 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL for paracetamol, caffeine and tramadol hydrochloride, respectively, using photodiode-array detection. Alternatively, LOD for tramadol decreased to 0.1 μg/mL with the fluorescence detector. Other notable analytical figures of merit include the linear concentration ranges, 0.8-270 μg/mL, 0.4-250 μg/mL and 1.0-300 (0.2-40) μg/mL, for the same ordered analytes (including the fluorescence detector). The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of the three drugs in tablet dosage forms.

Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC-PDA Method for Determination of Paracetamol, Caffeine and Tramadol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Aida Rodríguez-Cordero

Papers

Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC-PDA Method for Determination of Paracetamol, Caffeine and Tramadol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations