Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in the public and civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications, where human lives would otherwise be endangered. Multi-UAV systems can collaboratively complete missions more efficiently and economically as compared to single UAV systems. However, there are many issues to be resolved before effective use of UAVs can be made to provide stable and reliable context-specific networks. Much of the work carried out in the areas of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV networks. UAV networks may vary from slow dynamic to dynamic and have intermittent links and fluid topology. While it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would be most suitable for UAV networks yet the architecture of multi-UAV networks has been an understudied area. Software defined networking (SDN) could facilitate flexible deployment and management of new services and help reduce cost, increase security and availability in networks. Routing demands of UAV networks go beyond the needs of MANETS and VANETS. Protocols are required that would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power constraints, and changing link quality. UAVs may fail and the network may get partitioned making delay and disruption tolerance an important design consideration. Limited life of the node and dynamicity of the network lead to the requirement of seamless handovers, where researchers are looking at the work done in the areas of MANETs and VANETs, but the jury is still out. As energy supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute toward greening of the network. This paper surveys the work done toward all of these outstanding issues, relating to this new class of networks, so as to spur further research in these areas.

Survey of Important Issues in UAV Communication Networks

Power Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The mobile revolution has brought us the possibility to enjoy our favorite applications anywhere and anytime. In this context, interactive games over mobile networks embody a fascinating case study both for their commercial success and for their technical challenges, thus, sparking interest and development. The current state of the art of interactive games over mobile networks is captured in this article. We discuss main requirements and analyze possible combinations of existing solutions to provide better support for highly interactive game sessions with mobile players. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/a-survey-on-interactive-games-over-mobile-networks-16oz6050a0.pdf

A survey on interactive games over mobile networks

Ad-hoc network is an infrastructure less wireless network. Since ad-hoc networks are self-organizing, rapidly deployable wireless networks, they are highly suitable for various applications. Every nodes of ad-hoc network are connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner. There is no default router available in this network because all nodes of this network behave as routers and take part in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes. Ad-hoc nodes are powered by batteries with limited capacity due to its distributed nature. Therefore energy consumption occurs due to sending a packet, receiving a packet and to select next hop node. Hence, the present paper proposes a routing protocol, named Fuzzy Based Energy Efficient Multicast Routing (FBEEMR) for ad-hoc network. The basic idea of FBEEMR is to select the best path which reduces energy consumption of ad-hoc nodes based on fuzzy logic. This protocol is mainly used to extend the lifetime of ad-hoc network with respect to energy efficient multicast routing by calculating route lifetime values for each route. Based on the comprehensive simulation of FBEEMR using MATLAB and NS2 and comparative study of same with other existing protocols, it is observed that proposed routing protocol contributes to the performance improvements in terms of energy efficiency.

Fuzzy based energy efficient multicast routing for ad-hoc network

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanisms

A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc network nodes have limited battery power. If a node is used frequently for transmission or overhearing of data packets, more energy is consumed by that node and after certain amount of time the energy level may not be sufficient for data transmission resulting in connection failure. In this paper, we have considered three routing protocols-Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) & Minimum Maximum Battery cost Routing (MMBCR), Ad hoc OnDemand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV) and studied their performances in terms of network lifetime for the same network scenario. Simulations are carried out using NS2. Finally from the simulation results we have concluded that MMBCR gives more network lifetime by selecting route with maximum battery capacity thereby outperforming DSR.

/pdf/energy-efficient-routing-protocols-for-mobile-ad-hoc-36p4wk1pz0.pdf

Ajay Shah

Papers

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks