P h enetic analyses, u sin g the com m on-part-rem oved transform ation o f W ood (1983), w ere perform ed on 2.5 - 6.4% o f the variance th at describes m orphom etric differences am ong bats o f the fam ily R hinolophidae. Tw o ordination m ethods, one clustering tech ­ nique, and a m inim um -spanning tree were em ployed to assess patterns o f sim ilarity am ong 62 species. Tw o m ajor phenetic groups were revealed. One com prised O riental and A ustralian species, whereas the other contained E thiopian and P alaearctic taxa. On the basis o f m orphological sim ilarity, all b ut one species w ere provisionally a r­ ranged in 11 phenetic groups: m egaphyllus, rouxii, euryotis, pearsonii, philippinensis, trifoliaius, fum igatu s, ferrum equinum , capensis, euryale, and hipposideros. M ensural data w ere not su fficien t to clarify the status o f R. m aclaudi. B ased on the m or­ phological dispersion analysis, the Oriental region should be regarded as the center o f origin o f the fam ily. On the basis o f phylogenetic and functional factors, a close ancestor o f rhinolophids probably lived in tropical rain forests, flew slow ly em itting low -frequency sounds, and caught relatively soil b ut large prey.

/pdf/phenetic-relationships-among-bats-of-the-family-l5h16364i4.pdf

Phenetic relationships among bats of the family Rhinolophidae

The 35 mensural traits of 62 species from the family Rhinolophidae were analyzed by the maximum likelihood method using data matrices after size-free and common-part-removed transformations. Of several groups of species recognized by most earlier researchers, only a few are well defined and supported phylogenetically. The majority, like the philippinensis group of Tate (1943), for example, do not represent natural assemblages. The results suggest south-east Asia as a centre of origin for the family. The extreme morphological similarity among horseshoe bats appears to reflect the monophyly of the genus Rhinolophus.



Zusammenfassung

Bei 62 Arten der Familie Rhinolophidae wurden 35 metrische Merkmale mittels der Maximum-likelihood-Methode analysiert. Durch Transformationen wurden die Datenmatrizen vorher von gemeinsamen Grosenfaktoren unabhangig gemacht. Von mehreren, in fruheren Untersuchungen ermittelten Artengruppen sind nur wenige gut definierbar und durch phylogenetische Untersuchungen zu belegen. Die Mehrheit, wie etwa die philippinensis Gruppe von Tate (1943), spiegelt keine naturlichen Gruppierungen wider. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Sudostasien als Zentrum des Ursprunges fur die Familie hin. Der extreme hohe morphologische Ahnlichkeitsgrad unter den Hufeisennasen scheint den monophyletischen Ursprung der Gattung Rhinolophus zu bestatigen.

/pdf/phylogenetic-analyses-of-the-bat-family-rhinolophidae-134soml6xp.pdf

Phylogenetic analyses of the bat family Rhinolophidae

Distribution de 14 especes de mammiferes de Jordanie: deux especes de chauve-souris sont nouvelles pour la faune locale, donnees sur le caryotype de 11 especes

New records and karyotypes of small mammals from Jordan

Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae) is the second most speciose genus in Chiroptera and has extensively diversified diploid chromosome numbers (from 2n = 28 to 62). In spite of many attempts to explore the karyotypic evolution of this genus, most studies have been based on conventional Giemsa staining rather than G-banding. Here we have made a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from flow-sorted chromosomes of Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Hipposideridae). These probes have been utilized to establish the first genome-wide homology maps among six Rhinolophus species with four different diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 36, 44, 58, and 62) and three species from other families: Rousettus leschenaulti (2n = 36, Pteropodidae), Hipposideros larvatus (2n = 32, Hipposideridae), and Myotis altarium (2n = 44, Vespertilionidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. To facilitate integration with published maps, human paints were also hybridized to A. stoliczkanus chromosomes. Our painting results substantiate the wide occurrence of whole-chromosome arm conservation in Rhinolophus bats and suggest that Robertsonian translocations of different combinations account for their karyotype differences. Parsimony analysis using chromosomal characters has provided some new insights into the Rhinolophus ancestral karyotype and phylogenetic relationships among these Rhinolophus species so far studied. In addition to Robertsonian translocations, our results suggest that whole-arm (reciprocal) translocations involving multiple non-homologous chromosomes as well could have been involved in the karyotypic evolution within Rhinolophus, in particular those bats with low and medium diploid numbers.

Karyotype evolution in Rhinolophus bats (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera) illuminated by cross-species chromosome painting and G-banding comparison

According to current phylogenetic hypotheses, the bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae are sister groups nested within the clade of Pteropodiformes. A conservative nature of karyotypic evolution was previously reported within the two families. Karyotypes with diploid number (2n) varying between 58 and 62 chromosomes were assumed to prevail among the rhinolophid species, whereas, karyotypes with 32 chromosomes were found in most of the hipposiderid bats. However, divergent lower or higher 2n numbers have been recorded in some species in both families. Variation is documented in the present paper by examination of non-differentially stained karyotypes in 10 species belonging to genera Rhinolophus and Hipposideros from western Africa and southern India. Among the species studied, the karyotypes with a 2n of 32, 36, 52, 56, 58, and 62, and with relatively stable number of autosomal arms (FNa = 60, 62, 64) were recorded.

https://bioone.org/journals/acta-chiropterologica/volume-12/issue-2/150811010X537972/Karyotypic-Variation-in-Rhinolophid-and-Hipposiderid-Bats-Chiroptera--Rhinolophidae/10.3161/150811010X537972.pdf

Karyotypic Variation in Rhinolophid and Hipposiderid Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)

SUMMARYA detailed karyotype comparison among R. cornutus cornutus, R. ferrumequinum nippon and R. luctus formosae are made on the basis of relative length, G- and C-band patterns. The data presented here suggest strongly M.SM-1 and 2 in R. f. nippon were formed by centric fusion of four of five small A-autosome pairs such as those in A-23∼25, 27 and 28 of R. c. cornutus, while occurrence of M-SM-3 in the former was caused by pericentric inversion of a small A-pair such as that in A-24 or 25 of the latter, confirming the assumption described in our previous report (ANDŌ et al. 1980a). On the other hand, appearance of the secondary short arms of A-autosomes in R. f. nippon is attributable to the C-band material added to the telomeres of A-autosomes. Addition of heterochromatin is considered to have taken place also in the short arm of the ST-X chromosome in R. f. nippon, and to have brought about the morphological difference of the Y chromosome within Rinolophus.

Akasuke Tagawa

Papers

Further Study on the Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus Rhinolophus (Mammalia: Chiroptera)