The rapid uptake of mobile devices and the rising popularity of mobile applications and services pose unprecedented demands on mobile and wireless networking infrastructure. Upcoming 5G systems are evolving to support exploding mobile traffic volumes, real-time extraction of fine-grained analytics, and agile management of network resources, so as to maximize user experience. Fulfilling these tasks is challenging, as mobile environments are increasingly complex, heterogeneous, and evolving. One potential solution is to resort to advanced machine learning techniques, in order to help manage the rise in data volumes and algorithm-driven applications. The recent success of deep learning underpins new and powerful tools that tackle problems in this space. In this paper, we bridge the gap between deep learning and mobile and wireless networking research, by presenting a comprehensive survey of the crossovers between the two areas. We first briefly introduce essential background and state-of-the-art in deep learning techniques with potential applications to networking. We then discuss several techniques and platforms that facilitate the efficient deployment of deep learning onto mobile systems. Subsequently, we provide an encyclopedic review of mobile and wireless networking research based on deep learning, which we categorize by different domains. Drawing from our experience, we discuss how to tailor deep learning to mobile environments. We complete this survey by pinpointing current challenges and open future directions for research.

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Deep Learning in Mobile and Wireless Networking: A Survey

With the demanding system requirements for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications and the severe spectrum shortage at conventional cellular frequencies, multibeam antenna systems operating in the millimeter-wave frequency bands have attracted a lot of research interest and have been actively investigated. They represent the key antenna technology for supporting a high data transmission rate, an improved signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, an increased spectral and energy efficiency, and versatile beam shaping, thereby holding a great promise in serving as the critical infrastructure for enabling beamforming and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) that boost the 5G. This paper provides an overview of the existing multibeam antenna technologies which include the passive multibeam antennas (MBAs) based on quasi-optical components and beamforming circuits, multibeam phased-array antennas enabled by various phase-shifting methods, and digital MBAs with different system architectures. Specifically, their principles of operation, design, and implementation, as well as a number of illustrative application examples are reviewed. Finally, the suitability of these MBAs for the future 5G massive MIMO wireless systems as well as the associated challenges is discussed.

Multibeam Antenna Technologies for 5G Wireless Communications

The long-term ambition of the Tactile Internet is to enable a democratization of skill, and how it is being delivered globally. An integral part of this is to be able to transmit touch in perceived real-time, which is enabled by suitable robotics and haptics equipment at the edges, along with an unprecedented communications network. The fifth generation (5G) mobile communications systems will underpin this emerging Internet at the wireless edge. This paper presents the most important technology concepts, which lay at the intersection of the larger Tactile Internet and the emerging 5G systems. The paper outlines the key technical requirements and architectural approaches for the Tactile Internet, pertaining to wireless access protocols, radio resource management aspects, next generation core networking capabilities, edge-cloud, and edge-AI capabilities. The paper also highlights the economic impact of the Tactile Internet as well as a major shift in business models for the traditional telecommunications ecosystem.

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5G-Enabled Tactile Internet

The fifth generation (5G) wireless network technology is to be standardized by 2020, where main goals are to improve capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency, while reducing latency and massively increasing connection density. An integral part of 5G is the capability to transmit touch perception type real-time communication empowered by applicable robotics and haptics equipment at the network edge. In this regard, we need drastic changes in network architecture including core and radio access network (RAN) for achieving end-to-end latency on the order of 1 ms. In this paper, we present a detailed survey on the emerging technologies to achieve low latency communications considering three different solution domains: 1) RAN; 2) core network; and 3) caching. We also present a general overview of major 5G cellular network elements such as software defined network, network function virtualization, caching, and mobile edge computing capable of meeting latency and other 5G requirements.

A Survey on Low Latency Towards 5G: RAN, Core Network and Caching Solutions

Radio access technologies for cellular mobile communications are typically characterized by multiple access schemes, e.g., frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), and OFDMA. In the 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) (Au et al., Uplink contention based SCMA for 5G radio access. Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2014. doi:10.1109/GLOCOMW.2014.7063547) and LTE-Advanced (Baracca et al., IEEE Trans. Commun., 2011. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2011.121410.090252; Barry et al., Digital Communication, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004), standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), orthogonal multiple access based on OFDMA or single carrier (SC)-FDMA is adopted. Orthogonal multiple access was a reasonable choice for achieving good system-level throughput performance with simple single-user detection. However, considering the trend in 5G, achieving significant gains in capacity and system throughput performance is a high priority requirement in view of the recent exponential increase in the volume of mobile traffic. In addition the proposed system should be able to support enhanced delay-sensitive high-volume services such as video streaming and cloud computing. Another high-level target of 5G is reduced cost, higher energy efficiency and robustness against emergencies.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access

In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

A survey on energy efficient 5G green network with a planned multi-tier architecture

All over the world, there is a gigantic stir in the number of subscribers which gave rise to numerous challenges, like interference management and capacity enhancement. The enabling candidates to deal with this plight are the enabling technologies of the 5G wireless communication networks. Though the 5G technologies meet the mounting demands, yet, security remains a vital concern. In this paper, the security issues of 5G wireless communication networks have been emphasized upon, with the game theoretic analysis of bandwidth spoofing attack on the multistage 5G wireless communication network. The intrusion on the relay, small cell access point and base station, which are forming a multistage 5G wireless communication network, is detected using a proposed Adaptive Intrusion Detection System.

Bandwidth Spoofing and Intrusion Detection System for Multistage 5G Wireless Communication Network

In the present scenario, the demand for extended coverage, low latency and increased data rate is the need of the hour. Many emerging 5G technologies like massive Multiple Input Multiple Output and device to device communication are introduced in order to meet these increasing demands. For extending the coverage region, new wireless components are introduced in the network like relays, Small Cell Access Point and hotspots. But these components are highly vulnerable to security breaches and thus provides an entry point for the intruder to enter into the network. In this paper, a general 5G wireless communication network with an incorporated relay is proposed. This paper focuses on the implementation of Intrusion Detection System using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System using KDD cup 99 data set for detecting an attack on the relay. The effect of varying the membership function and learning algorithms have also been analyzed.

Implementation of Intrusion Detection System using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for 5G wireless communication network

In the recent past, free-space optical communication (FSO) proved to be an important replacement to radio frequency communication. In optical fiber cable communication, there is a disadvantage that optical fiber gets damaged in a long distance installation. Radio frequency communication also deals with limitations of bandwidth and data rate. In this paper, a brief description about free space optical (FSO) communication and its connectivity with central cellular network is explained. This paper also provides the information about the role of free space optics in the central cellular network. It contains an RF network, which has connections within the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Central Network (CN) for connecting the mobile user subscriber to the Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN) and Internet. Moreover, free space optical communication paves the way for a high bandwidth requiring applications with license free operation, high transmission security, full duplex transmission and protocol transparency will give a broader view to free space optical communication.

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Akhil Gupta

Papers

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

A survey on energy efficient 5G green network with a planned multi-tier architecture

Bandwidth Spoofing and Intrusion Detection System for Multistage 5G Wireless Communication Network

Implementation of Intrusion Detection System using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for 5G wireless communication network

A Survey of Free Space Optical Communication Network Channel over Optical Fiber Cable Communication