There are four main chapters. The fi rst deals with anorexia nervosa in Hong Kong. It tells that when Dr Sing Lee, a British trained psychiatrist, went (? returned) to Hong Kong in the mid 1980s, he found few cases of self-starving, and none which featured the pursuit of thinness. However, when the Western diagnosis (and criteria) were introduced, the condition became common. Watters argues that it was not the introduction of Western fashion and values, but the introduction of the diagnosis which accounted for this change. That is, anorexia nervosa became a culturally accepted means of expressing distress.

Crazy like us: the globalization of the American psyche

A group of international trauma experts clearly and succinctly addresses the issue of trauma from multiple important perspectives in this book. Section 1 – Part 1 includes the history, epidemiology and clinical outcomes of early childhood trauma. Part 2 does an exemplary job of covering the vital issues of affect dysregulation, how to diagnosis developmental trauma disorder, and how child trauma drives adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders and risky sexual behaviour. Section 2 – Part 3 covers the biological approaches to early childhood trauma by outlining the psychobiological sequelae of trauma in children. In this section, animal models, a feature of brain organization – lateralization, and the neurobiology of childhood trauma, are thoroughly discussed with a synopsis that outlines future directions for this line of inquiry. Part 4 of Section 2 addresses the psychobiological sequelae of trauma in adults and addresses the issue of resiliency and gene ⁄ environment interactions. Part 5 of Section 3 on clinical perspectives, addresses assessment of early life trauma spotlighting recovered and false memories, and Part 6 focuses on aspects of clinical treatment such as Cognitive-behavioral treatment, emotional regulation, and psychodynamic psychotherapy. At the end of each Part, there is a marvelous synopsis by an ultra international trauma expert.

The impact of early life trauma on health and disease. The hidden epidemic

https://dl.uswr.ac.ir/bitstream/Hannan/32520/1/9783319317717.pdf

European Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing in the 21st Century

Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs Stuart A. Kirk, Tomi Gomory, and Denis Cohen Transaction Publishers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 2013 346 pages (hardcover), $39.95, ISBN: 978-1-4128-4976-0Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs reviews controversial issues in the field of psychiatry and mental health. The authors state their objectives in the first chapter:We then call for a de-emphasis of the current biomedical control over the understanding and management of the mentally ill in favor of a broad nonmedical system of personal assistance and supports to those seeking help, along with an essential decoupling of coercion from services . . . decoupling of diagnosis from the eligibility and provision for services. (p. 30)They then define what they mean by mad: persons who self-report distress and/or persons whose behavior distresses others. In fact, the diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ) can be broadly organized into these two categories. Modern psychiatry lumps these two forms of madness together because, as the authors state, "everyone is diagnosable and treatable" (p. 274). In fact, however, two very different populations are conflated in the DSM: the seriously mentally ill and the worried well. The organization of the book implies that the authors recognized that, in writing a book on modern psychiatry, they were addressing concerns of two separate populations.Chapters 2 and 3 focus on issues that primarily affect those who are committed to state hospitals or would have been warehoused in asylums at an earlier time. These individuals fit into the authors' category of mad by virtue of creating distress for others. These chapters provide information on the history of federal funding for research and treatment of mental conditions, as well as the history of the development of the Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) model in Wisconsin. Primarily, these chapters are a jeremiad against the coercive forced treatment of the ACT model and a commitment to outpatient mental health systems. The authors do recognize that exponents of the ACT model acknowledge that ACT is, in fact, coercion. Particular dependent variables on which ACT purports to be an improvement over other approaches are discussed. Where these chapters fall short in this regard is failure to examine whether the ACT model has been fully implemented anywhere in America. In most states, the seriously mentally ill wander the streets and the homeless shelters. Even if individuals are formally committed to outpatient treatment, no one will look for them if they fail to come to their appointments. When states closed the mental hospitals, they did not fund a system for community monitoring and coercion. For those who become obstreperous, prisons and jails, not the community treatment system, have taken the place of the asylum. Of course, occasionally the worried well are committed and are the targets of a coercive system; however, the coercion ends with exhaustion of the insurance benefits (usually not more than thirty days).An important moral question not addressed in these chapters is whether persons with psychosis who have committed felonies should be forced to take antipsychotic medications, which have been shown by animal and human studies to reduce regions of brain cortex by 11 to 14 percent when taken at therapeutic doses over a two-year period (Ho, Andreasen, Ziehe 11, Pierson, & Magnotta, 2011). This question, weighing the interests of the group versus those of the individual, deserves serious debate. The chapters pertinent to the seriously mentally ill do not address this very important issue.Chapters 4 and 5 focus on the DSM, the manual for diagnosis used, until recently, for seeking insurance reimbursement in this country. The authors tell the story of the forces operating during the development of the various versions of the DSM, with particular attention to the role of big pharma in the more recent versions. …

Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs

Compte tenu des developpements rapides tant des progres scientifiques en matiere de procreation que des pratiques sociales, l’homoparentalite et la transparentalite ont cristallise de nombreuses interrogations portant sur la parente ainsi que sur les definitions de la paternite et de la maternite dans plusieurs disciplines. L’homoparentalite et la transparentalite remettent en question le modele biologique et biparental (une mere et un pere) dans lequel les parents ont procree leurs enfants ou peuvent passer pour l’avoir fait, et sont au plus au nombre de deux. Au-dela des inquietudes concernant le developpement psychologique des enfants nes dans ces types de famille, auxquelles de nombreuses etudes en psychologie ont tente d’apporter une reponse, les familles homoparentales et transparentales offrent de nouvelles possibilites de questionnements et reflexions – que ce soit en sociologie, anthropologie, en droit de la famille et de la filiation. En effet, ces familles rassemblent dans leur diversite des situations de desintrication de la conjugalite, la procreation, la filiation et la parente. Cette desintrication, qui met a mal le modele dans lequel les dimensions procreative (etre ne de), legale (etre fils/fille de) et affective (etre eleve par) sont confondues, est aujourd’hui presente egalement dans plusieurs autres configurations familiales, notamment les recompositions familiales, le recours a la procreation assistee avec tiers donneur ou l’adoption. Cet article introductif sera l’occasion de rappeler ce qu’on entend par homoparentalite et transparentalite, et fera dialoguer autour des enjeux souleves par ces thematiques des travaux issus de disciplines differentes. Une revue de la litterature rassemblera ensuite les travaux menes sur l’homoparentalite depuis les annees 1990, selon trois approches principales : psychologique, socio-anthropologique et socio-juridique. Enfin, les travaux sur la transparentalite, moins nombreux et plus recents, seront regroupes dans une partie distincte. Cet article s’achevera par une presentation des articles constituant ce numero.

/pdf/l-homoparentalite-et-la-transparentalite-au-prisme-des-a3qjlvanwk.pdf

L’homoparentalité et la transparentalité au prisme des sciences sociales : révolution ou pluralisation des formes de parenté ?

Le present article s’appuie sur une recherche clinique referee a la theorie psychanalytique et menee a partir de trente entretiens semi-directifs realises aupres d’adultes homosexuels engages dans la parentalite. L’auteur presente deux etudes de cas qui concernent des sujets ayant choisi la configuration de la coparentalite a quatre. Les hypotheses suivantes sont soumises a l’analyse du discours : d’une part, dans ce genre de configuration, on retrouve une permanence des processus psychiques lies au devenir parent (reactualisation des enjeux œdipiens, deuil developpemental, permutation symbolique des places); d’autre part ce genre de configuration met en evidence que ces processus peuvent trouver un etayage sur le lien amoureux entre personnes de meme sexe ainsi que sur les liens qui se creent entre les membres du « quatuor » et dans lesquels les fantaisies heterosexuelles jouent un role non negligeable.

« Homoparentalité et coparentalité » : réflexions métapsychologiques

Le mot homoparentalite designe-t-il des changements profonds dans la famille et la filiation?? De quels changements s’agit-il?? Les auteurs tentent de repondre a ces questions a partir de donnees recueillies grâce a une recherche clinique et s’appuient, au plan theorique, sur la distinction entre parente et parentalite. L’analyse metapsychologique du discours d’adultes homosexuels engages dans la parentalite met en evidence la permanence des enjeux inconscients lies au devenir parent. Deux conclusions en decoulent. Premierement?: des changements dans la parente n’entrainent pas forcement des changements dans la parentalite. Deuxiemement?: dans ces nouvelles configurations familiales les sujets semblent bien creer de nouveaux liens qui servent de support a la mise en place des processus psychiques de la parentalite.

Homoparentalité : apports d'une approche psychanalytique

L’evolution du rapport de nos societes a l’homosexualite interroge-t-elle nos conceptions psychanalytiques de l’homosexualite ? L’auteur explore cette question a partir de recherches cliniques sur l’homoparentalite. Une autre est soulevee : l’etude de l’homoparentalite interroge-t-elle les conceptions psychanalytiques de la famille ? Les recherches cliniques ne remettent pas en question la psychanalyse dans ses fondements theoriques et cliniques mais questionnent ce que ses conceptions theoriques de l’homosexualite et de la famille doivent aux normes sociales d’une epoque. L’etude de cas proposee illustre comment, dans le couple homosexuel, la difference sexuelle peut etre a l’œuvre, comment les enjeux œdipiens peuvent etre reactualises par l’acces a la parentalite, comment la bisexualite psychique sous-tend la construction du lien de couple et a l’enfant.

Questions pour la clinique psychanalytique à partir d'une situation d'homoparentalité

The current model of biological psychiatry assumes that mental suffering results from cerebral/neuronal disturbances yet to be identified. Under this model, the lowering of diagnostic thresholds or the invention of new disorders are surprising given that there have been no major etiological findings for decades. No clinical or epidemiological research demonstrates biological causes for problems defined as mental disorders, no more than research validates the numerous categories that supposedly describe them. The diagnostic spiral leads to the increasing prescription of drugs, sometimes for life, even if they have not been shown to have any substantial positive effect on any measure of “morbidity” for mental disorders. Today, the lives of children and adults are punctuated by the consumption of psychotropic drugs prescribed by physicians who are pushed to diagnose, treat, and control their symptoms. We aimed at showing that, despite these inarguable failures, the scientific and media discourse gives the public a warped view of reality where progress in biological psychiatric research is unceasing. Therefore we call for a paradigm shift in mental health: critical thinking, openness of mind, and analysis of the scientific and institutional discourse must be encouraged among all practitioners because their ethical commitment to their patients demands it.

There Is No Cure for Existence: On the Medicalization of Psychological Distress

Les auteurs developpent l’interet que represente la therapie familiale psychanalytique pour une elaboration du symptome individuel comme groupal. Ils montrent comment les analogies usees, sclerosees dans le discours familial, ont la tâche d’asseoir des correlations d’intersubjectivite faisant obstacle a la pensee. Dans leur dispositif technique, les auteurs tentent de redonner aux liens de pensee analogique toute leur vigueur de transformation, grâce a la tension entre la ressemblance et la dissemblance qu’ils comportent. Une illustration clinique developpee presente le passage d’une analogie usee a une analogie vive, impulsee par les therapeutes, et les effets de subjectivation qui decoulent de ce travail de l’alterite.

Alain Ducousso-Lacaze

Papers

« Homoparentalité et coparentalité » : réflexions métapsychologiques

Homoparentalité : apports d'une approche psychanalytique

Questions pour la clinique psychanalytique à partir d'une situation d'homoparentalité

There Is No Cure for Existence: On the Medicalization of Psychological Distress

Symptôme et travail de l'altérite : le passage de l'analogie usée à l'analogie vive