Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Asymmetric enamine catalysis.

Small-molecule H-bond donors in asymmetric catalysis.

Food intake is regulated by the hypothalamus, including the melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems in the arcuate nucleus. The NPY Y2 receptor (Y2R), a putative inhibitory presynaptic receptor, is highly expressed on NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus, which is accessible to peripheral hormones. Peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), a Y2R agonist, is released from the gastrointestinal tract postprandially in proportion to the calorie content of a meal. Here we show that peripheral injection of PYY3-36 in rats inhibits food intake and reduces weight gain. PYY3-36 also inhibits food intake in mice but not in Y2r-null mice, which suggests that the anorectic effect requires the Y2R. Peripheral administration of PYY3-36 increases c-Fos immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus and decreases hypothalamic Npy messenger RNA. Intra-arcuate injection of PYY3-36 inhibits food intake. PYY3-36 also inhibits electrical activity of NPY nerve terminals, thus activating adjacent pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. In humans, infusion of normal postprandial concentrations of PYY3-36 significantly decreases appetite and reduces food intake by 33% over 24 h. Thus, postprandial elevation of PYY3-36 may act through the arcuate nucleus Y2R to inhibit feeding in a gut–hypothalamic pathway.

BRIEF COMMUNICATION ARISING: Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake

6.4. Polyynes 3123 6.5. Using R-Hydroxy Stannanes 3124 6.6. Using the Hurtley Reaction 3124 6.7. Using a Methylenation Reaction 3125 7. Conclusions and Future Prospects 3125 8. Uncommon Abbreviations 3125 9. Acknowledgments 3125 10. Note Added in Proof 3125 11. References 3126 * Authorstowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed(evano@chimie.uvsq.fr, nicolas.blanchard@uha.fr). † Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines. ‡ Université de Haute-Alsace. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 3054–3131 3054

Copper-mediated coupling reactions and their applications in natural products and designed biomolecules synthesis.

A novel N-Boc-oxaziridine is reported, derived from diethyl ketomalonate, which effects efficient amination of sulfides to sulfimides. The reagent is applied to the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic sulfimides.

Efficient Amination of Sulfides with a Ketomalonate‐Derived Oxaziridine: Application to [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Allylic Sulfimides.

Amine‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Alkenes: A New Mechanism for the Activation of Oxone

Structure/reactivity relationships of N-alkoxycarbonyl- and N-carboxamidooxaziridines are explored, and conditions are discovered for the efficient amination of sulfides and primary amines. Reactions of these oxaziridines with alkenes are also examined, and lead to interesting new heteroatom transfer reaction products. Finally, the aminative rearrangement of 2-alkoxydihydropyrans leads to a useful stereocontrolled synthesis of pyrrolidines which can undergo synthetic manipulations to give [2.2.1]- and [3.2.1]-azabicycles.

New Methods and Synthetic Applications of Asymmetric Nitrogen Transfer

Oxidation of 2-alkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans 3 with dimethyldioxirane or MTO/urea–H2O2 followed by Jones oxidation leads to rearrangement and stereocontrolled formation of 4,5-cis-disubstituted tetrahydrofuranones. The method is applied to the synthesis of the whisky lactone 9, cognac lactone 10 and crobarbatic acid 17.

Oxidative Rearrangement of 2‐Alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 4,5‐cis‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofuranones Including Whisky and Cognac Lactones and Crobarbatic Acid.

Alan Armstrong

Papers

Efficient Amination of Sulfides with a Ketomalonate‐Derived Oxaziridine: Application to [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Allylic Sulfimides.

Amine‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Alkenes: A New Mechanism for the Activation of Oxone

New Methods and Synthetic Applications of Asymmetric Nitrogen Transfer

Oxidative Rearrangement of 2‐Alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 4,5‐cis‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofuranones Including Whisky and Cognac Lactones and Crobarbatic Acid.

Concise Synthesis of (4S,5S)-4,5-(Isopropylidenedioxy)-2- cyclopentenone (VI) and a Novel C2-Symmetric Ketone (VII).