accademiche [38]. Ada [45]. Adrian [45]. African [56]. Age [39, 49, 61]. Al [23]. Al-Rawi [23]. Aldous [68]. Alex [15]. Allure [46]. America [60, 66]. American [49, 69, 61, 52]. ancienne [25]. Andreas [28]. Angela [42]. Animals [16]. Ann [26]. Anna [19, 47]. Annotated [46]. Annotations [28]. Anti [37]. Anti-Copernican [37]. Antibiotic [64]. Anxiety [51]. Apocalyptic [61]. Archaeology [26]. Ark [36]. Artisan [32]. Asylum [48]. Atri [54]. Audra [65]. Australia [41]. Authorship [15]. Axelle [29].

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A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 2000{2009

The collected papers of Albert Einstein.

Revolution in Science

This is the first comprehensive monograph on the mathematical theory of the solitaire game The Tower of Hanoi which was invented in the 19th century by the French number theorist douard Lucas. The book comprises a survey of the historical development from the games predecessors up to recent research in mathematics and applications in computer science and psychology. Apart from long-standing myths it contains a thorough, largely self-contained presentation of the essential mathematical facts with complete proofs, including also unpublished material. The main objects of research today are the so-called Hanoi graphs and the related Sierpiski graphs. Acknowledging the great popularity of the topic in computer science, algorithms and their correctness proofs form an essential part of the book. In view of the most important practical applications of the Tower of Hanoi and its variants, namely in physics, network theory, and cognitive (neuro)psychology, other related structures and puzzles like, e.g., the Tower of London, are addressed. Numerous captivating integer sequences arise along the way, but also many open questions impose themselves. Central among these is the famed Frame-Stewart conjecture. Despite many attempts to decide it and large-scale numerical experiments supporting its truth, it remains unsettled after more than 70 years and thus demonstrates the timeliness of the topic. Enriched with elaborate illustrations, connections to other puzzles and challenges for the reader in the form of (solved) exercises as well as problems for further exploration, this book is enjoyable reading for students, educators, game enthusiasts and researchers alike.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-73779-9.pdf

The Tower of Hanoi – Myths and Maths

In his book, Physical Relativity, Harvey Brown challenges the orthodox view that special relativity is preferable to those parts of Lorentz’s classical ether theory it replaced because it revealed various phenomena that were given a dynamical explanation in Lorentz’s theory to be purely kinematical. I want to defend this orthodoxy. The phenomena most commonly discussed in this context in the philosophical literature are length contraction and time dilation. I consider three other phenomena of this kind that played a role in the early reception of special relativity in the physics literature: the Fresnel drag eect in the Fizeau experiment, the velocity dependence of electron mass in -ray deflection experiments by Kaufmann and others, and the delicately balanced torques on a moving charged capacitor in the Trouton-Noble experiment. I oer historical sketches of how Lorentz’s dynamical explanations of

/pdf/drawing-the-line-between-kinematics-and-dynamics-in-special-32tp5zhym6.pdf

Drawing the line between kinematics and dynamics in special relativity

This article discusses the role of conventions in defining the concept of inertial reference frame, and it specifies key historical evidence, up to now widely ignored, connecting Poincare, Einstein, and Reichenbach’s analyses of simultaneity.

Conventions and inertial reference frames

A long-standing issue in history of science is whether or not the fundamental law of electrostatics was justified experimentally in the late 1700s. By that time, following Isaac Newton’s mechanics, physicists had come to understand that the gravitational force between two masses m1 and m2 may be expressed by Fg ∝ m1m2 r2 , where r is the distance between the centers of the two bodies. The success of this inversesquare law led some individuals to investigate whether phenomena other than celestial motions could also be described by inverse-square equations. In particular, some scientists, Joseph Priestly and Henry Cavendish among them, argued that the repulsion and attraction between bodies charged by electricity are likewise described by an expression such as Fe ∝ q1q2 d2 , where each q represents the particular quantity of electric charge on each body, and d is the distance between their centers. The remarkable formal coincidence between such force laws prompts the question: had scientists found substantive evidence to warrant that law of electrostatics or did they mainly presuppose that it matched Newton’s law? In June of 1785, Charles Augustin Coulomb, a retired military engineer, announced to the Paris Academy of Sciences that he had devised an innovative experimental apparatus, the torsion balance, an extremely sensitive instrument able to measure even minute forces to an unprecedented degree of accuracy. With it Coulomb claimed to have demonstrated that electrostatic repulsion indeed varies inversely at the square of the distance. That experiment, together with another presented in 1787, eventually led physicists to designate the fundamental equation of electrostatics as “Coulomb’s law.” Coulomb was admired increasingly as having helped to transform French physics from a descriptive field (plagued by dubitable speculative hypotheses) to a conceptually lean, experimentally grounded, and highly mathematized science.1 His rigorous engineering mindset

/pdf/replication-of-coulomb-s-torsion-balance-experiment-2ln1q1ddxr.pdf

Replication of Coulomb's Torsion Balance Experiment

According to an online Internet site, 75 per cent of people polled believe that Albert Einstein's first wife, Mileva Maric, contributed to his famous works of 1905. The author reviews claims that have appeared in books, television and on the Internet, concerning the role of Maric as Einstein's alleged collaborator. He critically illustrates how certain derivative accounts introduce inaccuracies when attempting to convey history. A scale of distinctions among different kinds of documentary evidence is outlined, to help teachers and students differentiate between more or less fallible sources of historical information.

Handling evidence in history: the case of Einstein's wife

Figures ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: The Problem 10 Chapter 3: History: Much Ado About Less than Nothing 18 The Search for Evident Meaning 36 Chapter 4: History: Meaningful and Meaningless Expressions 43 Impossible Numbers? 66 Chapter 5: History: Making Radically New Mathematics 80 From Hindsight to Creativity 104 Chapter 6: Math Is Rather Flexible 110 Sometimes -1 Is Greater than Zero 112 Traditional Complications 115 Can Minus Times Minus Be Minus? 131 Unity in Mathematics 166 Chapter 7: Making a Meaningful Math 174 Finding Meaning 175 Designing Numbers and Operations 186 Physical Mathematics? 220 Notes 235 Further Reading 249 Acknowledgments 259 Index 261

Negative Math: How Mathematical Rules Can Be Positively Bent

Just as Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity was gaining acceptance around 1908, the young
Swiss physicist Walter Ritz advanced a competing though preliminary emission theory that sought
to explain the phenomena of electrodynamics on the assumption that the speed of light depends
on the motion of its source. I survey Ritz’s unfinished work in this area and review the reasons why
Einstein and other physicists rejected Ritz’s and other emission theories. Since Ritz’s emission theory
attracted renewed attention in the 1960s, I discuss how the earlier observational evidence was
misconstrued as telling against it more conclusively than actually was the case. Finally, I contrast
the role played by evidence against Ritz’s theory with other factors that led to the early rejection
of his approach.

/pdf/ritz-einstein-and-the-emission-hypothesis-4mrtsx2m49.pdf

Alberto A. Martínez

Papers

Conventions and inertial reference frames

Replication of Coulomb's Torsion Balance Experiment

Handling evidence in history: the case of Einstein's wife

Negative Math: How Mathematical Rules Can Be Positively Bent

Ritz, Einstein, and the Emission Hypothesis