The literature on university entrepreneurship is rapidly expanding, in both the United States and Europe. Since the literature is also fairly fragmented, however, we submit that it is time to take stock of the current knowledge to provide directions for future research and guideposts for policy makers. To accomplish this, we present an unusually comprehensive and detailed literature analysis of the stream of research on university entrepreneurship, now encompassing 173 articles published in a variety of academic journals. Four major research streams emerge in this area of study: (i) entrepreneurial research university, (ii) productivity of technology transfer offices, (iii) new firm creation, and (iv) environmental context including networks of innovation. We inductively derive a framework describing the dynamic process of university entrepreneurship based on a synthesis of the literature. We submit that this framework is useful in guiding future research on this important, yet complex and under-researched topic.

/pdf/university-entrepreneurship-a-taxonomy-of-the-literature-4b9y2nciv4.pdf

University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:18146/FULLTEXT01

Incubator best practice: A framework

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/4346.pdf

Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators

Business incubators and new venture creation: an assessment of incubating models

Action-based entrepreneurship education

The organizational factors that affect the success of new ventures established by academics are investigated. As a measure of success of newly established companies, the focus is on two characteristics of these business ideas: business idea articulation (the degree of detail and extent that it provides a clear and detailed mission statement) and business idea market attractiveness (its capacity for being attractive to the marketplace). The business idea itself is the complex of products/services, knowledge, competencies, market, and technologies needed to run a business. Two research hypotheses about the organizational characteristics (articulation of roles, communication and networking, market orientation of research groups, and prior joint experience) of startups are proposed: (1) that the business idea market attractiveness of the startup is positively influenced by the market orientation of the academic founders and the interaction frequency with outside agents, and (2) the business idea articulation is positively affected by the articulation of roles and the degree of prior joint experience of the academics. The hypotheses were tested by a sample of 42 Italian academic startups. Public data were collected and supplemented with information supplied by professors, researchers, scientists, and colleagues of spin-offs. Results support existing theories about the importance of combining different outside knowledge sets that need to be accessed through external relations. Outward looking academics are familiar with market requirements that are transferred to their own research. Results empirically support the importance of articulation of roles and prior joint experience in the case of academic founding firms. Finally, contributions to theory and implications for managers, public policy, and future research are discussed. (TNM)

Academics' Organizational Characteristis and the Generation of Successful Business Ideas

This paper deals with newly established ventures and their relations with external agents. The founding teams' intention to set up relations with external agents and their frequency of interaction with external agents are addressed as two features that are likely to lead to the success of academic spin-off companies. Empirical analysis is based on a data set of 40 Italian academic spin-offs. The external agents who are most likely to have interactions with academic spin-off companies are first identified. Two research hypotheses are then put forward: (a) that the intention of the founding teams to set up relations with external agents is influenced by the degree of articulation of roles and the completeness of the founding teams; (b) that the founding teams' frequency of interaction with external agents is influenced by the frequency of interaction with external agents of the research groups of origin and by their scientific and technological excellence. Some remarks are then made on the role that universities play in helping new ventures to set up relations with external agents.

Exploring the Networking Characteristics of New Venture Founding Teams: A Stdy of Italian Academic Spin-off

Academics' organizational characteristics and the generation of successful business ideas

This book develops and illustrates a comprehensive, multi-level framework for the evaluation of industrial R&D activities and the measurement of their performances. The framework encompasses a set of hierarchical, interrelated levels at which R&D evaluation and performance measurement could be undertaken. This enlightening book focuses on the single industrial firm to study performance measurement of R&D functions, projects and individual researchers or engineers. It also addresses the R&D evaluation from the point of view of financial markets, with a focus on the relationships between R&D investments and the value of the traded firm.
(Rak 1)

Alessandro Grandi

Papers

Business incubators and new venture creation: an assessment of incubating models

Academics' Organizational Characteristis and the Generation of Successful Business Ideas

Exploring the Networking Characteristics of New Venture Founding Teams: A Stdy of Italian Academic Spin-off

Academics' organizational characteristics and the generation of successful business ideas

Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Research and Development: Techniques and Perspectives for Multi-level Analysis