Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition, examines the basic principles of wood chemistry and its potential applications to pulping and papermaking, wood and wood waste utilization, pulping by-products for production of chemicals and energy, and biomass conversion.

Wood chemistry: fundamentals and applications.

An innovative wet-treatment with Na2 S transforms two indium metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into a series of porous inorganic sorbents. These MOF-templated materials display remarkable affinity for heavy metals with saturation occurring in less than 1 h. The saturation capacity for Hg(II) exceeds 2 g g(-1) , more than doubling the best thiol-functionalized sorbents in the literature.

Metal-organic framework templated inorganic sorbents for rapid and efficient extraction of heavy metals.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/gc/c9gc02598g

Grafting strategies for hydroxy groups of lignin for producing materials

A thermodynamic approach is proposed to determine the dissociation conditions of salt hydrates and semiclathrate hydrates. The thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase are described with the SAFT-VRE equation of state, and the solid−liquid equilibria are solved by applying the Gibbs energy minimization criterion under stoichiometric constraints. The methodology is applied to water + halide salt systems, and an excellent description of the solid−liquid coexistence curves is obtained. The approach is extended to the water + tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) binary mixture, and an accurate representation of the solid−liquid coexistence curves and dissociation enthalpies is obtained. The van der Waals−Platteeuw (vdW−P) theory combined with the new model for salt hydrates is used to determine the dissociation temperatures of semiclathrate hydrates of TBAB + carbon dioxide. A good description of the dissociation pressures of CO2 semiclathrate hydrates is obtained over wide temperature, pressure, and TBAB...

Modeling the Dissociation Conditions of Salt Hydrates and Gas Semiclathrate Hydrates: Application to Lithium Bromide, Hydrogen Iodide, and Tetra-n-butylammonium Bromide + Carbon Dioxide Systems

Biodiesel, chemically defined as monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, are derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils and animal fats. It is produced by both batch and continuous transesterification processes in which, oil or fat is reacted with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The conventional method of producing biodiesel involves acid and base catalysts to form fatty acid alkyl esters. Downstream processing costs and environmental problems associated with biodiesel production and byproducts recovery have led to the search for alternative production methods and alternative substrates. Enzymatic reactions involving lipases can be an excellent alternative to produce biodiesel through a process commonly referred to as alcoholysis, a form of transesterification reaction or through an interesterification reaction. In order to increase the cost effectiveness of the process, the enzymes are immobilized using a suitable matrix. The use of immobilized lipases and whole cells may lower the overall cost, while presenting less downstream processing problems. Main focus of this paper is to discuss the important parameters that affect the biodiesel yield, various immobilization techniques employed, mechanisms and kinetics of transesterification reaction and the recent advances in continuous transesterification processes.

An overview on the recent advances in the transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel production using chemical and biocatalysts

Kraft lignin is a product of the sulfate pulping process. It usually contains 2–3% total sulfur. Sulfur content acts as deterrent to lignin use in some areas. Sulfur-free lignins are more versatile and can be heat-treated without the release of foul-smelling sulfur compounds. These lignins are used to produce various low- and high-molecular products, as well as fuel. The existing soft desulfurization methods of kraft lignin allow reducing the total sulfur content, for example, fivefold by a method combining extraction of elemental sulfur, oxidation and reduction in sulfur compounds. Deeper desulfurization has earlier been achieved by catalytic hydrogenation, which is accompanied by depolymerization of lignin. In this paper, it was established that sequential treatment of sulfate lignin with benzene, silver in dimethylformamide, aqueous sodium sulfite solution and perchloric acid + acetic anhydride mixture can reduce the total sulfur content a hundredfold.

Desulfurization of kraft lignin

Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the system 1,4-dioxane + water + tetrabutylammonium nitrate at 11 constant salt molalities ((0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00) mol·kg-1) have been measured with the help of gas chromatography at (288, 298, and 308) K. Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the system acetonitrile + water + tetrabutylammonium bromide at 5 constant salt molalities ((0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00) mol·kg-1) have also been measured with the help of gas chromatography at (298 and 323) K. The experimental data for these systems were correlated using the electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid model.

Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Systems 1,4-Dioxane + Water + Tetrabutylammonium Nitrate and Acetonitrile + Water + Tetrabutylammonium Bromide

The liquid-vapor equilibrium in the system acetone-methanol-N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate was studied at 313.15 K.

Liquid-vapor equilibrium in the system acetone-methanol-N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate

The solubility of sodium sulfide in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and benzyl alcohol and the acid−base interaction of these compounds have been determined at (20 and 35) °C. The reactions result in the formation of sodium alkoxide and hydrosulfide. The reported values on the solubility of sodium sulfide in alcohols differ essentially from the data described in the literature.

Solubility of Sodium Sulfide in Alcohols

Synthesis of esters from tall oil fatty acids and lower aliphatic alcohols is studied, and characteristics of the products as substitutes or components of diesel fuel are determined.

Alexander V. Kurzin

Papers

Desulfurization of kraft lignin

Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Systems 1,4-Dioxane + Water + Tetrabutylammonium Nitrate and Acetonitrile + Water + Tetrabutylammonium Bromide

Liquid-vapor equilibrium in the system acetone-methanol-N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate

Solubility of Sodium Sulfide in Alcohols

Synthesis and characterization of biodiesel fuel based of esters of tall oil fatty acids