Taxines: a review of the mechanism and toxicity of yew (Taxus spp.) alkaloids.

Objective: To examine the relationship between level of education and childhood rural residence as possible risk factors for AD in African Americans in Indianapolis. Background: Low level of education has been a risk factor for AD in some studies, but childhood rural residence has not been addressed in most of these studies. Methods: A two-stage community-based prevalence study of AD was conducted in a random sample of 2,212 African Americans ≥65 years of age. A subsample of clinically assessed normal individuals (180) and individuals diagnosed with AD (43) were compared on the variables of rural/urban residence in childhood and low (≤6 years) or high (≥7 years) education. A logistic regression model was used with interaction between rural residence and low education to estimate odds ratios for the two risk factors combined, adjusting for age and gender. Results: Odds ratios for AD: 6.5 (95% CI: 2.6 to 16.7) low education/rural residence; 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1 to 2.9) low education/urban residence; 1.5 (95% CI: 0.4 to 5.2) high education/rural residence, comparing with the group of high education/urban residence. Conclusion: Childhood rural residence, combined with ≤6 years of school, was associated with an increased risk of AD in this sample. It is possible that low education by itself is not a major risk factor for AD, but, rather, is a marker for other accompanying deleterious socioeconomic or environmental influences in childhood.

Low education and childhood rural residence: risk for Alzheimer's disease in African Americans.

&NA; The effect of hypnotic suggestion of naturally occurring and experimentally induced psychologic stress on the respiratory system was studied in 11 young male subjects. It was found that hypnotic suggestion of deep relaxation and depression formed one end of the spectrum, while suggestion of exercise, anger, and anxiety formed the other end. Patterns of response in the first group were called non‐action oriented, and those in the second group were called action oriented. With suggestion of the non‐action oriented pattern, decreased alveolar ventilation and oxygen consumption and elevated alveolar carbon dioxide concentration resulted. With suggestion of the action‐oriented pattern, elevated alveolar ventilation and oxygen consumption and decreased alveolar carbon dioxide concentration resulted. The effectiveness of hypnosis in reproducing a stressful situation was tested by measuring the subject's response to actual and suggested head pain.

Changes in respiration associated with hypnotically induced emotion, pain, and exercise.

Ethnopharmacologic and phytochemical studies of the Thymelaeaceae

Copper homeostasis in bacteria is challenged by periodic elevation of copper levels in the environment, arising from both natural sources and human inputs. Several mechanisms have evolved to efflux copper from bacterial cells, including thecus(copper sensing copper efflux system), andpco(plasmid-borne copper resistance system) systems. The genes belonging to these two systems can be physically clustered in a Copper Homeostasis and Silver Resistance Island (CHASRI) on both plasmids and chromosomes in Enterobacteria. Increasing use of copper in agricultural and industrial applications raises questions about the role of human activity in the evolution of novel copper resistance mechanisms. Here we present evidence that CHASRI emerged and diversified in response to copper deposition across aerobic and anaerobic environments. An analysis of diversification rates and a molecular clock model suggest that CHASRI experienced repeated episodes of elevated diversification that could correspond to peaks in human copper production. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that CHASRI originated in a relative ofEnterobacter cloacaeas the ultimate product of sequential assembly of several pre-existing two-gene modules. Once assembled, CHASRI dispersed via horizontal gene transfer within Enterobacteriaceae and also to certain members of Shewanellaceae, where the originalpcomodule was replaced by a divergentpcohomolog. Analyses of copper stress mitigation suggest that CHASRI confers increased resistance aerobically, anaerobically, and during shifts between aerobic and anaerobic environments, which could explain its persistence in facultative anaerobes and emergent enteric pathogens.

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Evolution of a Heavy Metal Homeostasis/Resistance Island Reflects Increasing Copper Stress in Enterobacteria.

Poisons: Their Effects and Detection

Foods: Their Composition and Analysis

AbstractIT is an ambitious project to attempt to survey the whole of laboratory practice appertaining to public health in one volume, including as it does such varied subjects as chemistry, bacteriology, protozoology, helminthology, entomology and meteorology, but on the whole we think the author and his collaborators have succeeded.Manual of Public Health:
 Laboratory Practice. By Prof. J. R. Currie. and contributors. Pp. xix + 378. (Edinburgh: E. and S. Livingstone, 1936.) 21s.

A manual of public health

Foods: Their Composition And Analysis: A Manual For The Use Of Analytical Chemists And Others. With An Introductory Essay On The History Of Adulteration

Alexander Wynter Blyth

Papers

Poisons: Their Effects and Detection

Foods: Their Composition and Analysis

A manual of public health

Foods: Their Composition And Analysis: A Manual For The Use Of Analytical Chemists And Others. With An Introductory Essay On The History Of Adulteration

Poisons, Their Effects and Detection: A Manual for the Use of Analytical Chemists and Experts