Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010

Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites

The increasing complexity of engineering systems has sparked increasing interest in multidisciplinary optimization (MDO). This paper presents a survey of recent publications in the field of aerospace where interest in MDO has been particularly intense. The two main challenges of MDO are computational expense and organizational complexity. Accordingly the survey is focused on various ways different researchers use to deal with these challenges. The survey is organized by a breakdown of MDO into its conceptual components. Accordingly, the survey includes sections on Mathematical Modeling, Design- oriented Analysis, Approximation Concepts, Optimization Procedures, System Sensitivity, and Human Interface. With the authors'' main expertise being in the structures area, the bulk of the references focus on the interaction of the structures discipline with other disciplines. In particular, two sections at the end focus on two such interactions that have recently been pursued with a particular vigor: Simultaneous Optimization of Structures and Aerodynamics, and Simultaneous Optimization of Structures Combined With Active Control.

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Multidisciplinary Aerospace Design Optimization: Survey of Recent Developments

Current and future potential applications for three-dimensional (3D) fibre reinforced polymer composites made by the textile processes of weaving, braiding, stitching and knitting are reviewed. 3D textile composites have a vast range of properties that are superior to traditional 2D laminates, however to date these properties have not been exploited for many applications. The scientific, technical and economic issues impeding the more widespread use of 3D textile composites are identified. Structures that have been made to demonstrate the possible uses of 3D composites are described, and these include applications in aircraft, marine craft, automobiles, civil infrastructure and medical prosthesis.

Review of applications for advanced three-dimensional fibre textile composites

Kenaf fiber reinforced composites: A review

Models were developed which describe the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials. On the basis of the models, a computer code was developed, which for flat-plate composites cured by a specific cure cycle, provides the temperature distribution, the degree of cure of the resin, the resin viscosity inside the composite, the void sizes, the temperatures and pressures inside voids, and the residual stress distribution after the cure. In addition, the computer code can be used to determine the amount of resin flow out of the composite and the resin content of the composite and the bleeder.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/66605/10.1?sequence=2

Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

The heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of Hercules 3501-6 resin were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter and a disc and plate type viscometer Expression were developed 

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Heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of hercules 3501-6 resin

Moisture absorption of graphite-epoxy composites immersed in liquids and in himid air were investigated. The moisture content as a function of time and temperature was measured for three materials: Fiberite T300/1034, Hercules AS/3501-5 and Narmco T300/5208. Tests were per formed a) with the materials immersed in No. 2 diesel fuel, in jet A fuel, in aviation oil, in saturated salt water, and in distilled water (in the range of 300 to 322 K) and b)with the materials exposed to humid air (in the range 322 to 366 K). The results obtained were compared to available composite and neat resin data.

/pdf/moisture-absorption-of-graphite-epoxy-composites-immersed-in-r6z4w4r8fw.pdf

Moisture Absorption of Graphite-Epoxy Composites Immersed in Liquids and in Humid Air

This work investigated the ability of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) to improve the interlaminar mechanical properties of glass-reinforced multilayer composites. A novel method was developed for the inclusion of GnPs into the interlaminar regions of plain-weave, glass fabric fiber-reinforced/epoxy polymer composites processed with vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. Flexural tests showed a 29% improvement in flexural strength with the addition of only 0.25 wt% GnP. At the same concentration, mode-I fracture toughness testing revealed a 25% improvement. Additionally, low-velocity drop weight impact testing showed improved energy absorption capability with increasing concentration of GnPs. Ultrasonic C-scans and dye penetration inspection of the impact- and back-sides of the specimens qualitatively support these results. Finally, the impact damage area was quantified from the C-scan data. These results showed that the impact-side damage area decreased with increasing concentration of GnP, while the back-side damage area increased.

Interlaminar reinforcement of glass fiber/epoxy composites with graphene nanoplatelets

Moisture absorption of polyester-E glass composites immersed in liquids and in humid air were investigated. The weights of the composites as a function of exposure time and temperature were measured for three different types of materials. Tests were performed a) with the materials immersed in distilled water, in saturated salt water, in No. 2 diesel fuel, in jet A fuel, in synthetic aviation lubricant, in gasoline, and b) with the materials exposed to humid air. The apparent maximum moisture contents and the apparent diffusivities were deduced from the data.

Alfred C. Loos

Papers

Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

Heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of hercules 3501-6 resin

Moisture Absorption of Graphite-Epoxy Composites Immersed in Liquids and in Humid Air

Interlaminar reinforcement of glass fiber/epoxy composites with graphene nanoplatelets

Moisture Absorption of Polyester-E Glass Composites