2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

http://jafari3000.persiangig.com/document/Article(11-20)/1-s2.0-S0263822310001947-main.pdf

Optimum stacking sequence design of composite materials Part II: Variable stiffness design

http://mdog.mcgill.ca/paper%20pdf%20to%20upload/Optimum%20stacking%20sequence%20design%20part1.pdf

Optimum stacking sequence design of composite materials Part I: Constant stiffness design

Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring

A design procedure implementing a genetic algorithm is developed for discrete optimization of reinforced concrete frames ~RC-GA!. The design procedure conforms to the American Concrete Institute ~ACI! Building Code and Commentary. The objective of the RC-GA procedure is to minimize the material and construction costs of reinforced concrete structural elements subjected to serviceability and strength requirements described by the ACI Code. Examples are presented demonstrating the efficiency of theRC-GA procedure for the flexural design of simply-supported beams, uniaxial columns, and multi-story frames.

/pdf/flexural-design-of-reinforced-concrete-frames-using-a-22a1g45cc1.pdf

Flexural Design of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using a Genetic Algorithm

Construction projects are becoming increasingly challenging, resulting in more complex and dynamic construction environments. Despite this, traditional management and monitoring methods are currently unable to keep up with the industry’s rapid development, leading to several problems in task efficiency and transfer of information between project delivery stages. Consequently, the Architecture Engineering Construction and Operations sector is pursuing digitalization to improve project management, assist trade-crews and achieve a more efficient working environment. As a result, the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a paradigm shift from the traditional approaches towards a collaborative and integrated working process. Although BIM is improving the aforementioned problems, not all corporations are able to implement and use it effectively. As such, supportive tools to assist BIM in achieving its full potential are in high demand. To facilitate the deployment and application of BIM, easy-entry technologies such as Virtual Reality tools are establishing themselves as a promising addition to BIM methodology. The current research objective is to provide a review of previous works in the field of BIM-based VR, in order to establish a clear view of this research field. The methodology adopted for this systematic review is PRISMA Statement strategy. Based on the results of the review several questions regarding this topic were answered.

Recent Tools and Techniques of BIM-Based Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review

The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector has always been recognised as a competitive and complex sector. In recent years, increased demands on construction projects in different domains such as safety, energy, time and cost management have pushed the industry towards new tools and methods, including more efficient use of digital technologies. Among the multiple available digital solutions, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is quickly positioning itself as a fundamental methodology, with its practices and tools being increasingly deployed. However, the remaining challenges to BIM adoption provide an opportunity for the development of supporting tools. The present article analyses Augmented Reality (AR) as such a tool. A systematic review was conducted to examine previous studies in the field of BIM-based AR, shedding light on the integration of this technology in the AECO sector. A list of questions was presented and answered to understand this technology's role in multiple aspects, from its main stage and field of application to the targeted stakeholders. The applied review methodology is based on PRISMA-P. The databases exploited to search for eligible articles were Scopus, Academic Search Ultimate, Current Content, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. From an initial cohort of 671 articles, 24 were selected for analysis. Additionally, a comparison between AR and Virtual Reality (VR) applications is presented. This review shows that AR implementation is far from its desired state, showing several limitations such as connection and localisation problems , lack of non-geometric information, and other challenges in using AR techniques in the construction site, (e.g., marker-based AR).

Recent tools and techniques of BIM-Based Augmented Reality: A systematic review

Optimization of laminated composite structures using a bilevel strategy

A structural optimization algorithm which includes global displacements as decision variables is presented. The formulation addresses the possibility of using a universal procedure for obtaining optimal solutions independently of local code restrictions. A comparison of current ACI code safety requirements and reliability constraints with examples of optimal limit design techniques is presented. The flexural performance of the elements was evaluated as a function of the actual stress-strain diagrams of the materials. For the non-linear case, formation of fictitious rotational hinges was allowed and the equilibrium constraints were updated accordingly. The adequacy of the frames was guaranteed by imposing constraints, representing the maximum probability of failure of the members and the global displacements allowed, combined with a prescribed limited system probability of failure.

Probabilistic design and optimization of reinforced concrete frames

A two-stage optimization method aiming at the optimal design of shells and plates made of laminated composites has been developed. It is based on a mixture of sensitivity analysis, optimality criteria and mathematical programming techniques. The design variables are the optimality criteria and mathematical programming techniques. The design variables are the macro-element thicknesses and the layers' angles. Weight minimization with material efficiency maximization are the objectives with constraints on stresses and displacements. Maximization of the material efficiency is performed at one level using the conjugated method applied to the angles of the macro-element layers keeping the thicknesses constant. The other level is dedicated to weight reduction using optimality criteria and using as variables the macro-element thicknesses with the angles of the macro-element layers constant.

/pdf/multilevel-optimization-of-laminated-composite-structures-k8gl936svk.pdf

Alfredo Soeiro

Papers

Recent Tools and Techniques of BIM-Based Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review

Recent tools and techniques of BIM-Based Augmented Reality: A systematic review

Optimization of laminated composite structures using a bilevel strategy

Probabilistic design and optimization of reinforced concrete frames

Multilevel optimization of laminated composite structures