Part I: AN INTRODUCTION TO INQUIRY. 1. Human Inquiry and Science. 2. Paradigms, Theory, and Research. 3. The Ethics and Politics of Social Research. Part II: THE STRUCTURING OF INQUIRY: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE. 4. Research Design. 5. Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement. 6. Indexes, Scales, and Typologies. 7. The Logic of Sampling. Part III: MODES OF OBSERVATION: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE. 8. Experiments. 9. Survey Research. 10. Qualitative Field Research. 11. Unobtrusive Research. 12. Evaluation Research. Part IV: ANALYSIS OF DATA:QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE . 13. Qualitative Data Analysis. 14. Quantitative Data Analysis. 15. Reading and Writing Social Research. Appendix A. Using the Library. Appendix B. Random Numbers. Appendix C. Distribution of Chi Square. Appendix D. Normal Curve Areas. Appendix E. Estimated Sampling Error.

社会研究方法基础 = The Basics of Social Research

The East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy: By the World Bank. (New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1993. 389 pp. $19.95, paper.)

/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data

Understanding the small business sector

Relying on more recent data spanning September, 2000 to September, 2010, this paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns by employing the Johansen multivariate cointegration approach and vector error correction model (VECM). We present evidence of a long-run relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock returns. Our Granger causality test however could not establish causality from any direction between macroeconomic variables and stock prices and that earlier literature that found causality between the series may be misleading. Results from both the impulse response functions and variance decomposition show that among the macroeconomic variables, shocks to inflation, money supply and exchange rate do not only explain a significant proportion of the variance error of stock returns but their effects persist over a long period.

/pdf/an-econometric-analysis-of-the-impact-of-macroeconomic-d7hwwwcsa1.pdf

An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Fundamentals on Stock Market Returns in Ghana

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the determinants of the motivation to pay tax in Ghana. Traditionally, raising tax morale to ensure compliance is often tied to the level of prevailing enforcement. But beyond enforcement, why do citizens pay tax? Design/methodology/approach – This paper relied on the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data in determining the drivers of tax morale. It used the probit model with different specifications to determine robustness of the results. Findings – The findings remain robust to model specification and show a non-linear relationship between age and tax morale. The level of education, marital status, patriotism, sector of employment, satisfaction with democracy and one’s “fear of God” do not matter in tax morale. The economic class of a person per se is also far from being a significant driver and that people are intrinsically motivated to pay tax once they are satisfied with their financial situation, have trust in the government as well as confidence in the ...

Beyond enforcement: what drives tax morale in Ghana?

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of corporate governance and degree of multinational activities (DMAs) on corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) within the context of a developing country.,Using the annual report of 33 listed firms spanning from 2008 to 2013, the authors employed content analysis based on an adapted index score of CSRD developed by Hackston and Milne (1996) as applied in similar studies (e.g. Deegan et al., 2002; Hassan, 2014). Guided by the authors’ hypotheses, the authors model quantity and quality of CSRD (two separate econometric models) as functions of multinational activity and corporate governance.,The results show that the DMA has a positive association with both quality and quality of CSRD. The results also show that certain corporate governance characteristics such as board size (quality and quantity) as well as the presence of a social responsibility sub-committee of the board (quality) have a positive relationship with CSRD. However, increasing the number of non-executive directors (NEDs) may not necessarily improve the quantity or quality of disclosure.,The study is limited by theory and geography. Theoretically, the study is based on the legitimacy theory and feels compelled to reiterate the importance of considering alternative theoretical perspective in future research. Again the study is limited geographically as the investigation is based on Ghana only and the authors suggest that future research be extended to other countries.,This study is important as it demonstrates the importance of providing quality of CSRD to stakeholders when the board of a firm has a sub-committee responsible for corporate social responsibility.,The results of the study extend the literature on CSRD by demonstrating a new evidence on how the degree of firm’s multinational activities together with corporate government mechanism affects both quantity and quality of CSRD in the context of unchartered developing country. The results support the theoretical view that companies engage in CSRD in attempt to legitimize their operations based on the pressure exerted on them and the mechanism put in place to respond to those pressures.

Corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD), corporate governance and the degree of multinational activities: Evidence from a developing economy

The study examined the effect of capital structure (measures as short term debt ratio, long term debt ratio, and total debt ratio) on profitability (measured as Return on Assets and Return on equity) of commercial banks in Ghana The study sampled 23 banking over a six year period from 2010 to 2015 and extracted data from the annual of these banks Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis as well as panel regression analysis The results showed that banks in Ghana are highly leveraged with debt financing constituting 84% of total capital out of which 77% is short term debt despite the increase in minimum equity capital of these banks The regression analysis revealed that short term debt ratio and long term debt ratio are negatively related with profitability of banks in Ghana However, total debt ratio was positively associated with profitability of Banks in Ghana On the control variables, firm size, foreign ownership and age of the bank were positively associated with banks profitability whiles growth in customers? deposits was negatively associated with banks? profitability The results show that commercial banks in Ghana reliance on short term financing (deposits) reduces banks profitability and as such banks should shift their financing focus from deposits to other sources The results call for firms to choose the right mix of short term and long term debt that will maximize profitability of bank

https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5009/article/download/298/541

The Impact of Capital Structure on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Ghana

This paper explores the relationships between record keeping and business performance among SMEs in Ghana. Relying on a sample of 100 SMEs in the Tamale Metropolis, and employing simple regression analyses and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, we found a positive correlation between record keeping and business performance. In particular, we show that the two variables are linearly related. After swapping both the dependent and independent variables in the estimated models, we found a more robust impact on record keeping when it depends on business performance than when the latter depends on the former. We however could not show which variable causes changes in the other, necessitating further research efforts in this direction. While recognising the impact of record keeping on business performance, we conclude that at least in our study area, other performance metrics such as improved customer relations, access to sustainable finance, technology diffusion, and expanding the frontiers of access to internal and international markets are equally critical drivers of SME performance. This calls for conscious and coordinates efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of SMEs in Ghana. Keywords: SMEs, Record Keeping, Business Performance, Entrepreneurship

/pdf/record-keeping-and-the-bottom-line-exploring-the-24ojdubk4d.pdf

Record keeping and the bottom line: exploring the relationship between record keeping and business performance among small and medium enterprises (smes) in the tamale metropolis of ghana

Alhassan Musah

Papers

An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Fundamentals on Stock Market Returns in Ghana

Beyond enforcement: what drives tax morale in Ghana?

Corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD), corporate governance and the degree of multinational activities: Evidence from a developing economy

The Impact of Capital Structure on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Ghana

Record keeping and the bottom line: exploring the relationship between record keeping and business performance among small and medium enterprises (smes) in the tamale metropolis of ghana