In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a primary requirement for the establishment of communication among nodes is that nodes should cooperate with each other. In the presence of malevolent nodes, this requirement may lead to serious security concerns; for instance, such nodes may disrupt the routing process. In this context, preventing or detecting malicious nodes launching grayhole or collaborative blackhole attacks is a challenge. This paper attempts to resolve this issue by designing a dynamic source routing (DSR)-based routing mechanism, which is referred to as the cooperative bait detection scheme (CBDS), that integrates the advantages of both proactive and reactive defense architectures. Our CBDS method implements a reverse tracing technique to help in achieving the stated goal. Simulation results are provided, showing that in the presence of malicious-node attacks, the CBDS outperforms the DSR, 2ACK, and best-effort fault-tolerant routing (BFTR) protocols (chosen as benchmarks) in terms of packet delivery ratio and routing overhead (chosen as performance metrics).

Defending Against Collaborative Attacks by Malicious Nodes in MANETs: A Cooperative Bait Detection Approach

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) over the years have become one of the most promising networking solutions with exciting new applications for the near future. Its deployment has been enhanced by its small, inexpensive, and smart sensor nodes, which are easily deployed, depending on its application and coverage area. Common applications include its use for military operations, monitoring environmental conditions (such as volcano detection, agriculture, and management), distributed control systems, healthcare, and the detection of radioactive sources. Notwithstanding its promising attributes, security in WSN is a big challenge and remains an ongoing research trend. Deployed sensor nodes are vulnerable to various security attacks due to its architecture, hostile deployment location, and insecure routing protocol. Furthermore, the sensor nodes in WSNs are characterized by their resource constraints, such as, limited energy, low bandwidth, short communication range, limited processing, and storage capacity, which have made the sensor nodes an easy target. Therefore, in this paper, we present a review of denial of service attacks that affect resource availability in WSN and their countermeasure by presenting a taxonomy. Future research directions and open research issues are also discussed.

Denial of Service Defence for Resource Availability in Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, Mobile Ad hoc NETworks MANETs have generated great interest among researchers in the development of theoretical and practical concepts, and their implementation under several computing environments. However, MANETs are highly susceptible to various security attacks due to their inherent characteristics. In order to provide adequate security against multi-level attacks, the researchers are of the opinion that detection-based schemes should be incorporated in addition to traditionally used prevention techniques because prevention-based techniques cannot prevent the attacks from compromised internal nodes. Intrusion detection system is an effective defense mechanism that detects and prevents the security attacks at various levels. This paper tries to provide a structured and comprehensive survey of most prominent intrusion detection techniques of recent past and present for MANETs in accordance with technology layout and detection algorithms. These detection techniques are broadly classified into nine categories based on their primary detection engine/s. Further, an attempt has been made to compare different intrusion detection techniques with their operational strengths and limitations. Finally, the paper concludes with a number of future research directions in the design and implementation of intrusion detection systems for MANETs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1484

Intrusion detection in mobile ad hoc networks: techniques, systems, and future challenges

In recent year with the widespread use of mobile device, Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) technology has been attracted attention day by day. Due to MANETs don't need the infrastructure, it can deploy fast and conveniently in any environment. Because of its easy deployment features, in addition to used in personal area networks, home area networks and so on. Specially, MANETs suit for military operations and the emergent disasters rescue that need to overcome terrain and special purpose in urgent. However the dynamical network topology of MANETs, infrastructure-less property and lack of certificate authority make the security problems of MANETs need to pay more attention. The common routing protocols in current such as DSR AODV and so on almost take account in performance. They don't have the related mechanism about detection and response. Therefore, we proposed a DSR based secure routing protocol in this paper, named BDSR (Baited-Black-hole DSR). The BDSR detects and avoids the black hole attack based on merging proactive and reactive defense architecture in MANET by using the virtual and non-existent destination address to bait the malicious node to reply RREP.

/pdf/developing-a-bdsr-scheme-to-avoid-black-hole-attack-based-on-wpd2hek6az.pdf

Developing a BDSR scheme to avoid black hole attack based on proactive and reactive architecture in MANETs

Topology of MANET is dynamic in nature due to this characteristic in this network build routing mechanism more convoluted and anxious and consequently nodes are more vulnerable to compromise and are predominantly susceptible to denial of service attack (DoS) assail launched by malicious nodes or intruders [6].Reactive routing for instance AODV is more trendy than table driven routing exploit flooding to find out route. Attackers used this conception to initiate DoS attack akin to flooding; black hole and gray hole are the branded attack in MANET. In this paper we have projected a novel automatic security mechanism using SVM to defense against malicious attack occurring in AODV. Proposed method uses machine learning to categorize nodes as malicious. This system is far further resilient to the context changes general in MANET's, such as those due to malicious nodes changing their misbehavior patterns over time or quick changes in environmental factors, for instance the movement speed and communication range. This paper introduced new proposed algorithm for detection of attacks in Ad-hoc networks based on SVM behavioral routing protocols to detect MANET attacks. In this technique we have used the PMOR, PDER, and PMISR as metrics to evaluate the QoS of a link and into prediction of attacks.

Detection of malicious attack in MANET a behavioral approach

In wireless ad hoc networks, the absence of any control on packets forwarding, make these networks vulnerable by various deny of service attacks (DoS). A node, in wireless ad hoc network, counts always on intermediate nodes to send these packets to a given destination node. An intermediate node, which takes part in packets forwarding, may behave maliciously and drop packets which goes through it, instead of forwarding them to the following node. Such behavior is called black hole attack. In this paper, after having specified the black hole attack, a secure mechanism, which consists in checking the good forwarding of packets by an intermediate node, was proposed. The proposed solution avoids the black hole and the cooperative black hole attacks. Evaluation metrics were considered in simulation to show the effectiveness of the suggested solution.

Ali Belmehdi

Papers

Avoiding Black Hole and Cooperative Black Hole Attacks in Wireless Ad hoc Networks

Fighting against packet dropping misbehavior in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks

Struggling against simple and cooperative black hole attacks in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks