Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires

Non-Ionic surfactant based vesicles, also known as niosomes, have attracted much attention in pharmaceutical fields due to their excellent behavior in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents. In recent years, it has been discovered that these vesicles can improve the bioavailability of drugs, and may function as a new strategy for delivering several typical of therapeutic agents, such as chemical drugs, protein drugs and gene materials with low toxicity and desired targeting efficiency. Compared with liposomes, niosomes are much more stable during the formulation process and storage. The required pharmacokinetic properties can be achieved by optimizing components or by surface modification. This novel delivery system is also easy to prepare and scale up with low production costs. In this paper, we summarize the structure, components, formulation methods, quality control of niosome and its applications in chemical drugs, protein drugs and gene delivery.

Advances of Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) and Their Application in Drug Delivery.

Previously, catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, nanoceria, CeO2-x NPs) have been widely utilized for chemical mechanical planarization in the semiconductor industry and for reducing harmful emissions and improving fuel combustion efficiency in the automobile industry. Researchers are now harnessing the catalytic repertoire of CNPs to develop potential new treatment modalities for both oxidative- and nitrosative-stress induced disorders and diseases. In order to reach the point where our experimental understanding of the antioxidant activity of CNPs can be translated into useful therapeutics in the clinic, it is necessary to evaluate the most current evidence that supports CNP antioxidant activity in biological systems. Accordingly, the aims of this review are three-fold: (1) To describe the putative reaction mechanisms and physicochemical surface properties that enable CNPs to both scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to act as antioxidant enzyme-like mimetics in solution; (2) To provide an overview, with commentary, regarding the most robust design and synthesis pathways for preparing CNPs with catalytic antioxidant activity; (3) To provide the reader with the most up-to-date in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the ROS-scavenging potential of CNPs in biology and medicine.

Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine

729 The prevalence and associated factors of enuresis in Turkish children

https://www.imedpub.com/articles/process-optimization-of-ecological-probe-sonication-technique-for-production-of-rifampicinloaded-niosomes.pdf

Process optimization of ecological probe sonication technique for production of rifampicin loaded niosomes

Background. Nocturnal enuresis refers to an inability to control urination during sleep. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its associated factors in children in the city of Khorramabad. Materials and Methods. In this descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study, 710 male and female children were divided into two groups with equal numbers. The samples were selected from the schools of Khorramabad using the multistage cluster and stratified random sampling methods based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The data was analyzed using the logistic regression. Results. The results showed that 8% of the children had nocturnal enuresis, including 5.2% of primary nocturnal enuresis and 2.8% of secondary nocturnal enuresis. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the boys (10.7%) was higher compared with that in the girls (5.4%) (P = 0.009). There were statistically significant relationships between nocturnal enuresis and history of nocturnal enuresis in siblings (P = 0.023), respiratory infections (P = 0.036), deep sleep (P = 0.007), corporal punishment at school (P = 0.036), anal itching (P = 0.043), and history of seizures (P = 0.043). Conclusion. This study showed that the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in the boys was higher compared with that in the girls.

/pdf/prevalence-of-nocturnal-enuresis-and-its-associated-factors-3wnz86oetw.pdf

Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis and Its Associated Factors in Primary School and Preschool Children of Khorramabad in 2013

Vinblastine (VB), as a chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used in treatment of different types of cancer. However, its clinical application is limited due to its low water solubility, side effects, and multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to increase the therapeutic efficacy of VB using drug delivery systems. For this purpose, a PEGylated niosomal formulation of vinblastine (Pn-VB) was prepared by thin film hydration method and physicochemically characterized. Drug release pattern was performed by dialysis diffusion method. The cytotoxicity of Pn-VB was investigated against murine lung cancer TC-1 cells using MTT assay and its tumor inhibitory effect was evaluated in lung tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Mean particle size, zeta potential, entrapment, and loading efficiency of niosomes were obtained to be about 234.3 ± 11.4 nm, -34.6 ± 4.2 mV, 99.92 ± 1.6%, and 2.673 ± 0.30%, respectively. While, the mean particle size and zeta potential for non-PEGylated niosomes were obtained about 212.4 nm and -31.4 mV, respectively. The in vitro release pattern of drug from niosomes showed a sustained release behavior. Pn-VB indicated a significant increase in toxicity against TC-l cells as compared to free VB. In animal model, Pn-VB exhibited stronger tumor inhibitory effect and longer life time in comparison to free VB. In conclusion, Pn-VB showed appropriate stability, high-entrapment efficacy, lower releasing rate, and stronger cytotoxic activity against lung cancer TC-1 cells as compared to free drug. Thus, the Pn-VB could be a promising formulation for delivery of vinblastine to tumor cells with enhanced drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

Delivery of vinblastine-containing niosomes results in potent in vitro/in vivo cytotoxicity on tumor cells.

Background & Aim: It is a long time that human science researchers, especially industrial and organizational experts have noticed the importance of work-family conflict as a substantive and essential foundation for proficiency of organizational processes and job satisfaction. The aim of this study was determining the relationship between work family conflict with job burnout and intention to leave among female nurses working in university hospitals of Khorramabad. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of all female nurses working in university hospitals of Khorramabad city. The sample (n=220) was recruited by stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by Netemeyer (1996) Work-Family Conflict questionnaire, Maslach & Jackson (1981) burnout questionnaire and Kamant et al., (1979) turnover questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, and correlation coefficient Pearson and regression analysis using SPSS-PC (v. 19). Results: There was a significant positive relationship between work-family conflict and burnout (P<0/01). There was also a direct relationship between work-family conflict and burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) (P<0/01). Work-family conflict could also predict intention to leave among these female nurses (P<0/01). Conclusion: Regarding the findings, more assessments and continuous interventions to prevent job burnout and turnover in nurses is necessary.

http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_e64ade/anyone-A-10-530-337-9564444.pdf

The relationship between work-family conflict, burnout dimensions and intention to leave among female nurses

https://hnmj.gums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_086810/mojarad-A-10-243-183-1147811.pdf

Effect of hope therapy training on life expectancy and general health in cancer patients

Background Mental disorders of adulthood can be traced to childhood and adolescent disorders so attention to the mental health of young people is important. Objectives We aimed to determine the mental health status of high-school students in Khorramabad and the factors that may affect it. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1 202 high-school students in Khorramabad in the 2015-2016 academic year. Students were selected using stratified and multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics of the students, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess symptoms of mental disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of symptoms of mental disorder and sociodemographic characteristics. Results The mean age of the students was 16.1 (SD 0.9) years and 52.7% were girls. Overall, 481 (40%) students (34% of males, 46% of females) had symptoms of mental disorders. Most had mild symptoms; 5% had severe symptoms. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and social impairment were seen in 40%, 33% and 32% of the students respectively; significantly more girls had these symptoms (P < 0.05). Female students, those in higher school grades, and those whose fathers were unemployed and mothers were housewives were significantly more likely to have symptoms of mental disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of symptoms associated with mental disorders in the adolescents in Khorramabad. Counselling centres in schools are needed to offer psychiatric counselling services to students and to implement regular mental health training programmes.

/pdf/factors-associated-with-mental-health-of-high-school-2ckpi58xoe.pdf

Ali Farhadi

Papers

Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis and Its Associated Factors in Primary School and Preschool Children of Khorramabad in 2013

Delivery of vinblastine-containing niosomes results in potent in vitro/in vivo cytotoxicity on tumor cells.

The relationship between work-family conflict, burnout dimensions and intention to leave among female nurses

Effect of hope therapy training on life expectancy and general health in cancer patients

Factors associated with mental health of high-school students in the Islamic Republic of Iran.