Alka Khaitan

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expression of GARP on activated Tregs correlates with their suppressive capacity, and GARP expression correlates with FOXP3-expressing T cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) −infected subjects.

TL;DR: The evolution of the understanding of immune exhaustion during HIV infection is discussed, highlighting novel markers and potential therapeutic targets, indicating potential for immunotherapies.

TL;DR: A complex perturbation of Th17 subsets during the course of HIV disease potentially through both direct viral infection and virus indirect mechanisms, such as immune activation are suggested.

TL;DR: It is shown that IL-17–producing T cells can differentiate from CCR6+ naive T cell precursors in the presence of IL-2, IL-1β, TGF-β, and IL-23, and the IL- 17+ Treg compartment was preferentially reduced relative to the canonical Th17 and Treg compartments in a subset of HIV+ subjects, suggesting a specific perturbation of this subset during the course of disease.

TL;DR: Evaluated aspects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress simultaneously in placenta, umbilical cord blood and infant blood in HIV/ART‐exposed infants compared with uninfected controls.