Phasor Measurement Techniques.- Phasor Estimation of Nominal Frequency Inputs.- Phasor Estimation at Off-Nominal Frequency Inputs.- Frequency Estimation.- Phasor Measurement Units and Phasor Data Concentrators.- Transient Response of Phasor Measurement Units.- Phasor Measurement Applications.- State Estimation.- Control with Phasor Feedback.- Protection Systems with Phasor Inputs.- Electromechanical Wave Propagation.

Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications

It is the objective of this paper to present unique features that characterize power quality events and methodologies to extract them from recorded voltage and/or current waveforms using Fourier and wavelet transforms. Examples of unique features include peak amplitudes, RMS, frequency, and statistics of wavelet transform coefficients. These features are derived from well documented theories, power engineers' heuristics gained through long years of experience, and power quality data collected in recent years. Converter operation, transformer energization, and capacitor energization (which includes normal, back-to-back, and re-strike on opening energization), representing three common power quality events at the distribution level, are presented. These examples provide the basis for further characterization of other power quality events.

Characterization of distribution power quality events with Fourier and wavelet transforms

This paper presents an overview of power system islanding and islanding detection techniques. Islanding detection techniques, for a distribution system with distributed generation (DG), can broadly be divided into remote and local techniques. A remote islanding detection technique is associated with islanding detection on the utility side, whereas a local technique is associated with islanding detection on the DG side. Local techniques can further be divided into passive techniques, active techniques and hybrid techniques. These islanding detection techniques for DG are described and analyzed.

Review of islanding detection methods for distributed generation

This paper presents an expert system that is able to classify different types of power system events to the underlying causes (i.e., events) and offer useful information in terms of power quality. The expert system uses the voltage waveforms and distinguishes the different types of voltage dips (fault-induced, transformer saturation, induction motor starting), as well as interruptions (nonfault, fault induced). A method for event-based classification is used, where a segmentation algorithm is first applied to divide waveforms into several possible events. The expert system is tested using real measurements and the results show that the system enables fast and accurate analysis of data from power quality monitors.

Expert System for Classification and Analysis of Power System Events

Increasing interest in power quality has evolved over the past decade. This paper surveys the literature for current applications of advanced artificial intelligence techniques in power quality (PQ). Applications of some advanced mathematical tools in general, and wavelet transform in particular, in power quality are also reviewed. An extensive collection of literature covering applications of fuzzy logic, expert systems, neural networks, and genetic algorithms in power quality is included. Literature exposing the use of wavelets in power quality analysis as well as data compression is also cited.

Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Mathematical Tools for Power Quality Applications: A Survey

Fundamental Notions About Electrical Transients. The Laplace Transform Method of Solving Differential Equations. Simple Switching Transients. Damping. Abnormal Switching Transients. Transients in Three-Phase Circuits. Transients in Direct Current Circuits, Conversion Equipment and Static Var Controls. Electromagnetic Phenomena of Importance Under Transient Conditions. Traveling Waves and Other Transients on Transmission Lines. Principles of Transient Modeling of Power Systems and Components. Modeling Power Apparatus and the Behavior of Such Equipment Under Transient Conditions. Computer Aids to the Calculation of Electrical Transients. System and Component Parameter Values for Use in Transient Calculations and Means to Obtain Them in Measurement. Lightning. Insulation Coordination. Protection of Systems and Equipment Against Transient Overvoltages. Case Studies in Electrical Transients. Equipment for Measuring Transients. Measuring Techniques and Surge Testing. Appendices. Index.

Allan Greenwood

Papers

Electrical transients in power systems