The 1930s were dominated by economic collapse, stagnation, and mass unemployment. This crisis enabled the Democrats to recapture the White House and embark upon a period of reform unsurpassed until the 1960s. Roosevelt's New Deal laid the foundations of a welfare system that was further consolidated during and after the Second World War. American involvement in World War II helped to secure victory in Europe and in Asia. American participation in the war led to economic recovery but also brought with it enormous demographic and social changes. Some of these changes continued after the war had ended, but further political reform was to be limited due to the impact of the Cold War and the effects of America's new role as the world's leading superpower in the atomic age. The Historical Dictionary of the Roosevelt-Truman Era examines significant individuals, organizations, and events in American political, economic, social, and cultural history between 1933 and 1953. This was a period of enormous significance in the United States due to the impact of the Great Depression, World War II, and the onset of the Cold War. The presidencies of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman witnessed the origins of the modern American welfare system and the rise of the United States as a world power, as well as its involvement in the confrontation with communism that dominated the latter half of the 20th century.

Historical dictionary of the Roosevelt-Truman era

This essay maps the rise of the rhetorical first lady from Martha
Washington through Laura Bush, contextualizing the public and private
documents of these political women within the gender ideology of their
time. In the process of evidencing the ways in which the first lady
role both empowers and restricts the performance of the first lady, we
illustrate the political contributions of first ladies from 1789 to 1920
in the areas of social politicking and benevolent volunteerism, which
served as political antecedents for the gradual rise of the rhetorical
first lady. When first ladies more routinely spoke from the first lady
pulpit (1920-2002), they mimicked the performances of their predecessors,
taking their volunteer efforts to the public stage. In the process, they
extended the nineteenth-century ideology of republican motherhood; the
twentieth-century republican mother, as performed by many contemporary
first ladies, became a more outspoken advocate on behalf of the nation's
children and other pressing social concerns. While the position often
limited the activities of first ladies to perceived nongovernmental
issues, many expanded the political nature of the position, taking their
social politicking to a public stage and helping to craft a role for
women's participation in the political sphere.

The Rise of the Rhetorical First Lady: Politics, Gender Ideology, and Women's Voice, 1789-2002

Makerspaces and accompanying technologies are exciting new services being offered in libraries. However, these come with their own challenges and successes. Training for maker learning locations continues to be difficult to obtain. Inservice librarians rely on peers in the field and online resources for their training. Most preservice librarians are graduating each semester not knowing the skills needed to maintain and serve in makerspaces. As library services continue to change what skill sets are needed to sustain the ever-changing library environment? In this study, 12 interviews were conducted one-on-one with librarians possessing makerspace facilities in their library settings. The interviews were used to gain feedback regarding the makerspace locations in each library. Interviews were digitally audiotaped and transcribed. Results were organized into thematic codes using NVivo 10 qualitative data analysis software. Some emergent themes include librarian and patron training, makerspace implementation, staffing models, and overall reactions.

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Change in the Making: Makerspaces and the Ever-Changing Landscape of Libraries

Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date GENDERING ‘UNIVERSAL’ HUMAN RIGHTS: INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S ACTIVISM, GENDER POLITICS AND THE EARLY COLD WAR, 1928-1952 by Jo Ella Butterfield A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa

https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6837&context=etd

Gendering 'universal' human rights: international women's activism, gender politics and the early cold war, 1928-1952

Title of Document: THE LINEAMENTS OF PERSONALITY: ESQUIRE AND THE PROBLEM OF THE MALE CONSUMER. Stefan K. Cieply, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Directed By: Professor James B. Gilbert, History The male consumer has proven problematic for historians of consumer culture and gender. By approaching consumption as the expression or by-product of gender identity, historians and other commentators on gender fail to account for consumer culture as an important site where difference is itself constituted through the goods we purchase, the items we desire and the worlds we imagine. To this end, the male consumer becomes problematic when prevailing historiographic models construct him solely as a rational, goal-oriented purchaser of goods or as an amoral libertine who rejects responsibility for fleeting pleasures. Both approaches are untenable since they rely upon a problematic rhetoric of gender essentialism. What I argue for instead is an approach that places consumption within the unsettled discursive practice of gender. In this sense, the problem of the male consumer speaks in part to a larger issue in historiography, namely how we historicize pleasure and desire. My work on Esquire in the period from 1945-1965 attempts to address this gap by examining the role of cultural intermediaries in developing a discourse on socially legitimate forms of consumption. Against the background of the misogynistic “Masculinity Crisis” rhetoric, the postwar mass culture debates and a nascent counterculture, Esquire transformed itself from a crude men’s magazine to one of America’s premier periodicals. Between 1956 and 1963, Esquire published work by such distinguished figures as Richard Rovere, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Norman Mailer, Saul Bellow, Dwight Macdonald, Paul Goodman, Diana Trilling, Terry Southern, and Nat Hentoff. During this same period, Esquire also ran monthly fashion spreads, service articles on the newest consumer goods, travel advice columns and an annual Christmas gift guide. Through the figure of the “Uncommon Man,” the name given to the magazine’s imagined reader, and the rhetoric of the “New Sophistication,” Esquire attempted to negotiate the tension inherent in its contradictory parts. Drawing on research in cultural and intellectual history, gender theory, material culture studies and the sociology of culture, my dissertation investigates how Esquire opened a discursive space in which men could simultaneously construct themselves within and outside of consumer culture. THE LINEAMENTS OF PERSONALITY: ESQUIRE AND THE PROBLEM OF THE MALE CONSUMER.

The Lineaments of Personality: Esquire and the Problem of the Male Consumer

Black shows how Eleanor Roosevelt, after being freed from the constraints imposed by her role in the White House, eagerly expanded her career and unabashedly challenged both the Democratic party and American liberals to practice what they preach

Casting Her Own Shadow: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Shaping of Postwar Liberalism

What I Hope to Leave Behind: The Essential Essays of Eleanor Roosevelt

The Eleanor Roosevelt papers

As relevant and influential now as it was when first published in 1963, "Tomorrow Is Now" is Eleanor Roosevelt's manifesto and her final effort to move America toward the community she hoped it would become. In bold, blunt prose, one of the greatest First Ladies of American history traces her country's struggle to embrace democracy and presents her declaration against fear, timidity, complacency, and national arrogance. An open, unrestrained look into her mind and heart as well as a clarion call to action, "Tomorrow Is Now" is the work Eleanor Roosevelt willed herself to stay alive to finish writing. For this edition, former U.S. President Bill Clinton contributes a new foreword and Roosevelt historian Allida Black provides an authoritative introduction focusing on Eleanor Roosevelt's diplomatic career. Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) was First Lady from 1933 to 1945. She was a significant advocate both for the New Deal and for civil rights and a strong supporter of the formation of the United Nations. She was a delegate to the UN General Assembly from 1945 to 1952 and chaired the committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the last decade of her life she was particularly active in promoting women's rights. "Tomorrow Is Now" was published shortly after her death.

Allida M. Black

Papers

Casting Her Own Shadow: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Shaping of Postwar Liberalism

What I Hope to Leave Behind: The Essential Essays of Eleanor Roosevelt

The Eleanor Roosevelt papers

Tomorrow Is Now

Courage in a Dangerous World : The Political Writings of Eleanor Roosevelt