Allison S. Arnold

TL;DR: OpenSim is developed, a freely available, open-source software system that lets users develop models of musculoskeletal structures and create dynamic simulations of a wide variety of movements to simulate the dynamics of individuals with pathological gait and to explore the biomechanical effects of treatments.

TL;DR: The combination of MR imaging and graphics-based musculoskeletal modeling provides an accurate and efficient means of estimating muscle-tendon lengths and moment arms in vivo.

TL;DR: Analysis of three-dimensional, muscle-actuated dynamic simulation of walking to quantify the angular accelerations of the hip and knee induced by muscles during normal gait and to rank the potential of the muscles to alter motions of these joints suggests that weak hip extensor, knee extensors, or ankle plantar flexors may contribute to crouch gait, and strengthening these muscles--particularly gluteus maximus--may improve hip and knees extension.

TL;DR: A graphics‐based model of the lower extremity was used in conjunction with three‐dimensional kinematic data obtained from gait analysis to estimate the lengths of the hamstrings and psoas muscles during normal and crouch gaits.

TL;DR: Examination of the muscle-tendon lengths and velocities allows individuals who walk with abnormally short or slow hamstrings to be distinguished from those who do not, and thus may help to identify patients who are at risk for unsatisfactory postsurgical changes in knee extension or anterior pelvic tilt.