Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

Though research on the Semantic Web has progressed at a steady pace, its promise has yet to be realized. One major difficulty is that, by its very nature, the Semantic Web is a large, uncensored system to which anyone may contribute. This raises the question of how much credence to give each source. We cannot expect each user to know the trustworthiness of each source, nor would we want to assign top-down or global credibility values due to the subjective nature of trust. We tackle this problem by employing a web of trust, in which each user maintains trusts in a small number of other users. We then compose these trusts into trust values for all other users. The result of our computation is not an agglomerate "trustworthiness" of each user. Instead, each user receives a personalized set of trusts, which may vary widely from person to person. We define properties for combination functions which merge such trusts, and define a class of functions for which merging may be done locally while maintaining these properties. We give examples of specific functions and apply them to data from Epinions and our BibServ bibliography server. Experiments confirm that the methods are robust to noise, and do not put unreasonable expectations on users. We hope that these methods will help move the Semantic Web closer to fulfilling its promise.

Trust management for the Semantic Web

As new fabrication and integration technologies reduce the cost and size of micro-sensors and wireless interfaces, it becomes feasible to deploy densely distributed wireless networks of sensors and actuators. These systems promise to revolutionize biological, earth, and environmental monitoring applications, providing data at granularities unrealizable by other means. In addition to the challenges of miniaturization, new system architectures and new network algorithms must be developed to transform the vast quantity of raw sensor data into a manageable stream of high-level data. To address this, we propose a tiered system architecture in which data collected at numerous, inexpensive sensor nodes is filtered by local processing on its way through to larger, more capable and more expensive nodes.We briefly describe Habitat monitoring as our motivating application and introduce initial system building blocks designed to support this application. The remainder of the paper presents details of our experimental platform.

Habitat monitoring: Application driver for wireless communications technology

We present the Colorwave algorithm, a simple, distributed, on-line algorithm for the reader collision problem in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. RFID systems are increasingly being used in applications, such as those experienced in supply chain management, which require RFID readers to operate in close proximity to one another. Readers physically located near one another may interfere with one another's operation. Such reader collisions must be minimized to ensure the correct operation of the RFID system. The Colorwave algorithm yields on-line solutions that are near the optimal static solutions. The dynamic nature of the algorithm enables the RFID system to automatically adapt to changes in the system and in the operating environment of the system.

Color-wave : An anticollision algorithm for the reader collision problem

Trust plays an important role in commercial cloud environments. It is one of the biggest challenges of cloud technology. Trust enables users to select the best resources in a heterogeneous cloud infrastructure. We introduce a novel trust model based on past credentials and present capabilities of a cloud resource provider. Trust value is calculated using four parameters such as availability, reliability, turnaround efficiency, and data integrity. A trust management system is proposed implementing this trust model. The paper describes how a service level agreement is prepared combining quality of service requirements of user and capabilities of cloud resource provider. We also demonstrate that our proposed model performs better than the first in first out model and similar trust models.

A trust model of cloud computing based on Quality of Service

Trust Models are used to enhance secure and reliable scheduling in Distributed, Grid and Cloud environment. Trust models that are being proposed or implemented in Distributed and Grid environment, does not fully fit in cloud computing environment. Since the parameters that have being taken into consideration in these trust models, does not fit in the cloud Infrastructure As A Service, a suitable trust model is proposed based on the existing model that is suitable for trust value management for the cloud IaaS parameters. Based on the above achieved trust values, a scheduling is done for better allocation of resources and further enhance the QOS of services been provided to the users. In this paper, an approach for managing trust in Cloud IaaS is proposed.

QoS based trust management model for Cloud IaaS

A variety of sensors are available nowadays for fine grain continuous monitoring of our environments in many desired ways. Comprehension of streams of data from deployed sensors in a meaningful way is critical to usability of the sensors. One such comprehension is context and situation which may affect our actions and decisions. Context is deduced from the sensor data using probabilistic methods like maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian probabilities. Possible situations are abstracted using deduced contexts. Event trees, template and rule based methods have been used for deriving situations from contexts. Lattices are constructed using formal concept analysis methods for representation and recognition of situations. When the context information is either noisy or incomplete, set of Implication and Association Rules are derived from the lattice and used for situation recognition. For illustration, Situation of an elderly person living alone in a house, deployed with various sensors is recognized using the above technique.

Situation recognition in sensor based environments using concept lattices

In recent years Internet has experienced a rapid expansion and also facing increased no. of security threats. However many technological innovations have been proposed for information assurance but still protection of computer systems has been difficult. With the rapid growth of Internet technology, a high level of security is needed for keeping the data resources and equipments secure. In this context intrusion detection (ID) has become an important area of research since building a system with no vulnerabilities has not been technically feasible.

Composing Signatures for Misuse Intrusion Detection System Using Genetic Algorithm in an Offline Environment

Trust Models are used to enhance secure and reliable scheduling in Distributed, Grid and Cloud environment. Trust models that are being proposed or implemented in Distributed and Grid environment, does not fully fit in cloud computing environment. Since the parameters that have being taken into consideration in these trust models, does not fit in the cloud Infrastructure As A Service, a suitable trust model is proposed based on the existing model that is suitable for trust value management for the cloud IaaS parameters. Based on the above achieved trust values, a scheduling algorithm is also proposed that may further enhance the QOS of services been provided to the users.

Trust and Reliability Based Scheduling Algorithm for Cloud IaaS

The tight computing constraints of low capacity mobile devices require lightweight cryptographic implementations.A software and hardware based performance analysis of cryptographic primitives: lightweight encryption/decryption, lightweight key exchange and lightweight authentication using hashing mechanism are conducted in this work. The parameters taken for software comparison are: high throughput, minimum delay and for hardware are: minimum gate equivalents (GE) and minimum power consumption. Cryptographic primitives are combined using two scenarios: (i) authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send and (ii) confidentiality to plaintext and authentication to message_to_send. Two combinations are having similar results comparisons but authentication to plaintext and confidentiality to message_to_send is more meaningful. Furthermore, these two combinations provide implementation of cryptographic primitives with 30% of total GE at 52 μW. Thus, these are two complete cryptographic solutions with ultra-lightweight features which are suitable for extremely resource constraint environments such as mobile sensor devices.

Alok Aggarwal

Papers

QoS based trust management model for Cloud IaaS

Situation recognition in sensor based environments using concept lattices

Composing Signatures for Misuse Intrusion Detection System Using Genetic Algorithm in an Offline Environment

Trust and Reliability Based Scheduling Algorithm for Cloud IaaS

Lightweight Cryptographic Primitives for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks