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A speciation-based model for mixed-solvent electrolyte systems

A large number of quantitative studies have been made of the Gibbs energy of transfer (the solvent medium effect) for cations transferring from water into mixed aqueous−organic solvent systems, mainly at 25 °C. Nevertheless, no systematic effort appears to have been made to compile and analyze these data, particularly for multivalent cations. A critical review of this information and its presentation in a manner that permits comparison of different cations in a given solvent mixture and of a given cation transferring into different mixtures is therefore of value.

Gibbs energies of transfer of anions from water to mixed aqueous organic solvents.

Ionization constants of weak acids and bases in organic solvents.

(1970). Estimation of Medium Effects for Single Ions in Non-Aqueous Solvents. C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 73-117.

Estimation of Medium Effects for Single Ions in Non-Aqueous Solvents

1. INTRODUCTION A. Background "Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose." In a review article published more than 30 years ago, the present author stated " … several scales, all masquerading under the name pH, are in common use. Many investigators are thinking and computing in terms of one definition and measuring a different quantity."1 An improvement toward an understanding of the nature of the practical pH value has been seen in the last three decades, but the precise manner of interpreting these values is still largely a mystery. To emphasize this situation, one has only to survey a dozen modern texts used in the teaching of analytical chemistry. The results of such an examination are summarized in Table 1. As observed earlier … "this state of confusion results in part from the impossibility of determining exactly … the molality and the activity of hydrogen (hydronium) ion for a buffer solution of moderate concentration."1

Aloys J. Dill

Papers

Single scale for ion activities and electrode potentials in ethanol-water solvents based on the triisoamylbutylammonium tetraphenylborate assumption

Standard potentials of potassium electrodes and activity coefficients and medium effects of potassium chloride in ethanol-water solvents

Solubility products of potassium and triisoamyl-n-butylammonium picrates and tetraphenylborates in ethanol-water mixtures at 25.deg.C

Electrolytic conductance and ionic association of several salts in ethanol-water mixtures