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The impact of stress on physical functioning (endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, and cardiovascular systems) is reviewed. The effect of stress on psychiatric functioning and health behaviors also is discussed. The importance of stress screening in primary care is emphasized, and several methods of stress reduction (including exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction) appropriate to primary care settings are described.

Stress and health.

CONTENTS List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Public Health, Race, and Citizenship 1. Public Health and the Mapping of Chinatown 2. Regulating Bodies and Space 3. Perversity, Contamination, and the Dangers of Queer Domesticity 4. White Women, Hygiene and the Struggle for Respectable Domesticity 5. Plague and Managing the Commercial City 6. White Labor and the American Standard of Living 7. Making Medical Borders at Angel Island 8. Healthy Spaces, Healthy Conduct 9. Reforming Chinatown Conclusion: Norms as a Way of Life Notes Bibliography Index

Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco's Chinatown

Limitations of the study

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis and probably is the only highly effective drug currently available for treating schistosomiasis-infected individuals. The mode of action of PZQ involves increasing the calcium uptake of the parasite, resulting in tegumental damage and death of the parasite. Despite its remarkable function, the target of PZQ has not been identified yet. To begin to understand where PZQ acts, in this study we expressed the cDNA library of Schistosoma mansoni on the surface of T7 bacteriophages and screened this library with labeled PZQ. This procedure identified a clone that strongly bound to PZQ. Subsequent DNA analysis of inserts showed that the clone coded for regulatory myosin light chain protein. The gene was then cloned, and recombinant S. mansoni myosin light chain (SmMLC) was expressed. Immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised to recombinant SmMLC (rSmMLC) showed that SmMLC is abundantly expressed in schistosomula and adult stages compared to the amount in cercarial stages. In vitro analyses also confirmed that PZQ strongly binds to rSmMLC. Further, peptide mapping studies showed that PZQ binds to amino acids 46 to 76 of SmMLC. Immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that SmMLC is phosphorylated in vivo upon exposure to PZQ. Interestingly, significant levels of anti-SmMLC antibodies were present in vaccinated mice compared to the amount in infected mice, suggesting that SmMLC may be a potential target for protective immunity in schistosomiasis. These findings suggest that PZQ affects SmMLC function, and this may have a role in PZQ action.

Praziquantel Affects the Regulatory Myosin Light Chain of Schistosoma mansoni

2 Abstract: The present study was carried out to assess prenatal attachment and fetal health locus of control among low risk and high risk Egyptian pregnant women. A descriptive correlational design was utilized for the study. A total of 100 pregnant women, both low (N=55) and high (N= 45) risk pregnant women were recruited for the study. Prenatal attachment inventory and fetal health locus of control scale (FHLC) were used for data collection Results indicated that participants experienced more positive feelings of attachment towards their fetuses, the mean prenatal attachment was 50.7 (SD± 9.9). Participants also reported high levels of fetal health locus of control, with the mean of 119.3 (SD ±15.0). Prenatal attachment was positively associated with fetal health locus of control, age and number of living children. Fetal health locus of control was positively associated with number of deliveries, number of abortions and marital status. Both prenatal attachment and fetal health locus of control differed by high/low risk pregnancy. In Conclusion, Egyptian pregnant women experienced more positive feeling of attachment toward their fetuses. Prenatal attachment differed by high/low risk pregnancy.

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Prenatal Attachment and Fetal Health Locus of Control among Low Risk and High Risk Pregnant Women

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The Islamic Perspective of Interpersonal Communication

Domestic violence (DV) is considered a public health issue in Saudi Arabia as well as a violation of a fundamental human right. DV causes many acute and chronic physical and mental health consequences. Cultural taboos and lack of awareness regarding the appropriate support services can increase the number of cases annually. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Clinics in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients attending five Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah from August 2017 to February 2018. A convenient sampling method was used. In total, 1845 participants were invited to complete a self-report validated Arabic version of the Norvold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DV. All women between 18 and 65 years who met the inclusion criteria were included. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 24.0. The lifetime prevalence of DV in the study sample was 33.24%, with psychological abuse the most prevalent (48.47%), followed by physical abuse (34.77%) and sexual abuse (16.75%). A small proportion (4.1%) suffered from all three types of abuse. Risk factors for being a victim of abuse include being single or divorced, having a postgraduate level of education, employed, and being financially independent of the husband. DV is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Modernization has shifted the risk factors, identifying the risk factors and victim characteristics would support the development and implementation of preventive and screening programs to facilitate the early identification of cases as well as the initiation of empowerment programs for Saudi women.

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Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia, 2018

The objective is to assess psychiatric nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of physical restraints and seclusion in an inpatient psychiatric ward at Jeddah Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive correlation exploratory design was used with 37 nurses, selected conveniently. A self-administered structured questionnaire developed by Janelli, L. M., Kanski, G. W., Scherer, Y. K., & Neary, M. A. (1992. Physical restraints: Practice, attitudes/knowledge among nursing staff. Journal of Long Term Care Administration, 20(2), 22–25) was used. The respondents were 37 nurses, of whom 52.8% were male. Moderate knowledge and attitude with strong intent to use physical restraint were found among participants. There was no significant correlation between nurses’ practice, knowledge, and attitude scores. It was noted that 33.3% of the respondents preferred using both restraints and seclusion. The male gender was correlated with the use of physical restraints ...

Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward physical restraint and seclusion in an inpatients’ psychiatric ward

The objective was to investigate the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) among nursing students and its association with their mental health and academic performance, at king Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah. A descriptive correlation exploratory design was used with 147 females students selected conveniently. A self-administered Arabic version of Young (1995) IA scale and depression scale developed by Radloff (1977) were used to collect data. Almost 2 thirds of the participants (59.6%) were average on-line users compared with 38.4% and 2.1% experiencing both moderate, and sever IA, respectively. More than 2 thirds (64.6%) were experienced with depressive symptoms compared with only 35.4%, who were normal. A significant correlation was found between IA, time spent on the Internet, and depressive symptoms (r=0.335 and r=0.205), respectively. Therefore, conducting an in-service training program of Internet use and promoting a supportive environment of counseling will decrease the psychological morbidity of stress and depression among college students.

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Amal I. Khalil

Papers

Prenatal Attachment and Fetal Health Locus of Control among Low Risk and High Risk Pregnant Women

The Islamic Perspective of Interpersonal Communication

Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia, 2018

Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward physical restraint and seclusion in an inpatients’ psychiatric ward

Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Nursing Students and the Association with their Academic Performance and Mental Health