Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually changing medical practice. With recent progress in digitized data acquisition, machine learning and computing infrastructure, AI applications are expanding into areas that were previously thought to be only the province of human experts. In this Review Article, we outline recent breakthroughs in AI technologies and their biomedical applications, identify the challenges for further progress in medical AI systems, and summarize the economic, legal and social implications of AI in healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Many Americans exhibit declining religiosity during early adulthood. There is no consensus about why this occurs, though longstanding assumptions suggest the secularizing effects of higher education, normative deviance and life course factors. We evaluate these effects on decreasing frequency of religious practice, diminished importance of religion and disaffiliation from religion altogether. Results from analyses of the Add Health study indicate that only religious participation suffers substantial declines in young adulthood. Contrary to expectations, emerging adults that avoid college exhibit the most extensive patterns of religious decline, undermining conventional wisdom about the secularizing effect of higher education. Marriage curbs religious decline, while cohabitation, nonmarital sex, drugs and alcohol use each accelerate diminished religiosity – especially religious participation – during early adulthood.

http://www.geocities.ws/deeann_regnerus/LosingmyReligion.pdf

Losing My Religion: The Social Sources of Religious Decline in Early Adulthood

Using data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), we show that women who report that religion is "very important" in their everyday life have both higher fertility and higher intended fertility than those saying religion is "somewhat important" or "not important." Factors such as unwanted fertility, age at childbearing, or degree of fertility postponement seem not to contribute to religiosity differentials in fertility. This answer prompts more fundamental questions: what is the nature of this greater "religiosity"? And why do the more religious want more children? We show that those saying religion is more important have more traditional gender and family attitudes and that these attitudinal differences account for a substantial part of the fertility differential. We speculate regarding other contributing causes.

/pdf/religiosity-and-fertility-in-the-united-states-the-role-of-3yqy67iiak.pdf

Religiosity and Fertility in the United States: The Role of Fertility Intentions

In this study we sought to understand how the first college year
impacted students spiritually and religiously. The sample was comprised
of 3,680 first-year students from 50 colleges and universities across the
country and included individuals representing a variety of racial/ethnic
and religious backgrounds. Overall, students became less religiously
active, but were more committed to integrating spirituality into their
lives after one year. Further, religiousness and spirituality were highly
correlated, although personal characteristics, institutional variables,
and college experiences were also associated with these constructs.

Understanding the Religious and Spiritual Dimensions of Students' Lives in the First Year of College

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing the handbook of critical intercultural communication as the reading material.

The handbook of critical intercultural communication

Healing in the History of Christianity

Investigating the practice and teaching of religion at American colleges and universities, the authors of this work uncover a surprisingly diverse and vital religious scene on campus Based on extensive fieldwork at four very different US institutions, the text challenges theories of the secularization of higher education and the decline of religion on campus It reveals instead that both the practice and the study of religion are thriving, nourished by a campus culture of tolerance, diversity and choice

Religion on Campus

The Great Awakening

Americans have long acknowledged a deep connection between evangelical religion and democracy in the early days of the republic. This is a widely accepted narrative that is maintained as a matter of fact and tradition-and in spite of evangelicalism's more authoritarian and reactionary aspects. In "Conceived in Doubt", Amanda Porterfield challenges this standard interpretation of evangelicalism's relation to democracy and describes the intertwined relationship between religion and partisan politics that emerged in the formative era of the early republic. In the 1790s, religious doubt became common in the young republic as the culture shifted from mere skepticism toward darker expressions of suspicion and fear. But by the end of that decade, Porterfield shows, economic instability, disruption of traditional forms of community, rampant ambition, and greed for land worked to undermine heady optimism about American political and religious independence. Evangelicals managed and manipulated doubt, reaching out to disenfranchised citizens as well as to those seeking political influence, blaming religious skeptics for immorality and social distress, and demanding affirmation of biblical authority as the foundation of the new American national identity. As the fledgling nation took shape, evangelicals organized aggressively, exploiting the fissures of partisan politics by offering a coherent hierarchy in which God was king and governance righteous. By laying out this narrative, Porterfield demolishes the idea that evangelical growth in the early republic was the cheerful product of enthusiasm for democracy, and she creates for us a very different narrative of influence and ideals in the young republic.

Conceived in Doubt: Religion and Politics in the New American Nation

American women played in important part in Protestant foreign missionary work from its early days at the beginning of the nineteenth century, enabling them not only to disseminate religious principles but also to break into public life and create expanded opportunities for themselves and other women. No institution was more closely associated with women missionaries that Mount Holyoke College. This book examines Mount Holyoke founder Mary Lyon and the missionary women trained by her. Porterfield sees Lyon and her students as representative of dominant trends in American missionary thought before the Civil War. She focuses on how their activities in several parts of the world-particularly northwest Persia, Maharashtra in western India, and Natal in southeast Africa-and shows that while their primary goals remained elusive, antebellum missionary women made major contributions to cultural change and the development of new cultures.

Amanda Porterfield

Papers

Healing in the History of Christianity

Religion on Campus

The Great Awakening

Conceived in Doubt: Religion and Politics in the New American Nation

Mary Lyon and the Mount Holyoke missionaries