https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/pdf/S1471-4906(14)00094-5.pdf

Plant pattern-recognition receptors.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1199846.pdf

Agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomass a key to unlock the future bio-energy: A brief review

Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to improve broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops.

Function, Discovery, and Exploitation of Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance

Plants and animals employ innate immune systems to cope with microbial infection. Pattern-triggered immunity relies on the recognition of microbe-derived patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) constitute plant immunogenic patterns that are unique, as these proteins are produced by multiple prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic (fungal, oomycete) species. Here we show that the leucine-rich repeat receptor protein (LRR-RP) RLP23 binds in vivo to a conserved 20-amino-acid fragment found in most NLPs (nlp20), thereby mediating immune activation in Arabidopsis thaliana. RLP23 forms a constitutive, ligand-independent complex with the LRR receptor kinase (LRR-RK) SOBIR1 (Suppressor of Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1)-associated kinase (BAK1)-interacting receptor kinase 1), and recruits a second LRR-RK, BAK1, into a tripartite complex upon ligand binding. Stable, ectopic expression of RLP23 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) confers nlp20 pattern recognition and enhanced immunity to destructive oomycete and fungal plant pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PRRs that recognize widespread microbial patterns might be particularly suited for engineering immunity in crop plants.

An RLP23–SOBIR1–BAK1 complex mediates NLP-triggered immunity

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/234352.pdf

Recent trends in lactic acid biotechnology: A brief review on production to purification

From the last few decades, there has been an increasing
research interest in the value of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignoellulosic
biomass is an inexpensive, renewable abundant and provides a unique natural
resource for large-scale and cost-effective bio-energy collection. In
addition, using lignocellulosic materials and other low-cost biomass can
significantly reduce the cost of materials used for ethanol production.
Therefore, in this background, the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can
lower the conversion costs and also enhance a yield of target products. In this
context, a biological processing presents a promising approach to converting
lignocellulosic materials into energy-fuels. The present summarized review work
begins with an overview on the physio-chemical features and composition of
major agricultural biomass. The information is also given on the processing of
agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g.,
ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving
tremendous benefits of biomass utilization.

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/ABB_2014022011023036.pdf

Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases

To enhance bacterial wilt resistance in tomato plants and simplify the protocol of Agrobacterium tum- efaciens mediated gene transfer, parameters affecting transformation efficiency in tomato have been optimized. A. tumefaciens strain EHA101, harboring a recombinant binary expression vector pTCL5 containing the Xa21 gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter was used for transformation. Five cultivars of tomato (Rio Grande, Roma, Pusa Ruby Pant Bahr and Avinash) were tested for transformation. Transformation efficiency was highly dependent on preculture of the explants with acetosyrin- gone, acetosyringone in co-cultivation media, shoot regeneration medium and pre-selection after co-cultivation without selective agent. One week of pre-selection fol- lowing selection along with 400 lM acetosyringone resulted in 92.3% transient GUS expression efficiency in Rio Grande followed by 90.3% in Avinash. The presence and integration of the Xa21 gene in putative transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses with 4.5-42.12% PCR-positive shoots were obtained for Xa21 and hygromycin genes, respectively. Transgenic plants of the all lines showed resistance to bacterial wilt. T1 plants (resulting from self-

Enhanced resistance against bacterial wilt in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lines expressing the Xa21 gene

Comparative proteomic analysis of bacterial wilt susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars.

Proteomics has contributed to defining the specific functions of genes and proteins involved in plant–pathogen interactions. Proteomic studies have led to the identification of many pathogenicity and defense-related genes and proteins expressed during phytopathogen infections, resulting in the collection of an enormous amount of data. However, the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions remains an intensely active area of investigation. In this review, the role of differential analysis of proteins expressed during fungal, bacterial, and viral infection is discussed, as well as the role of JA and SA in the production of stress related proteins. Resistance acquired upon induction of stress related proteins in intact plant leaves is mediated by potentiation of pathogens via signal elicitors. Stress related genes extensively used in biotechnology had been cited. Stress related proteins identified must be followed through for studying the molecular mechanism for plant defense against pathogens.

Application of proteomics to investigate stress-induced proteins for improvement in crop protection

Studies were carried out for rapid micropropagation of three sugarcane varieties i.e., HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CPF-237. Shoot tip was used as explant source. Shoot initiation from explant of all three varieties was achieved at 1 mg/l Kin and 0.1 mg/l GA3. For rapid multiplication the regenerated shoots were transferred on liquid Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2% sucrose, supplemented with BAP in combinations with GA3. Optimum multiplication was observed at 1 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l GA3 for variety HSF-240. Best response of multiplication for variety CP-77-400 was observed at 0.5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l GA3. Variety CPF-237 was multiplied at 1.0 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l GA3. Rooting response was observed on half strength liquid MS medium with 6% sucrose containing different concentrations of IBA and NAA. The sugarcane plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse.

/pdf/rapid-micropropagation-of-three-elite-sugarcane-saccharum-4hb3es9ieg.pdf

Amber Afroz

Papers

Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases

Enhanced resistance against bacterial wilt in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lines expressing the Xa21 gene

Comparative proteomic analysis of bacterial wilt susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars.

Application of proteomics to investigate stress-induced proteins for improvement in crop protection

Rapid micropropagation of three elite Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L. ) varieties by shoot tip culture