Purpose:
School students are at risk of unintentional injuries. Teachers are the main caregivers and the first protectors for school students and must be able to deliver first aid. This study aimed to assess the school teachers’ knowledge about first aid in Kashan, Iran.


Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken on a sample of 200 teachers working in public and private primary, secondary and high schools in Kashan city, Iran. Data collection was achieved via a questionnaire consisting of items on teachers' characteristics and 20 questions on basic first-aid practices. One point was given for each correct answer. The lowest and highest possible scores were 0 and 20. Then, the sum scores 0- 9, 10- 16, and 17- 20 were ranked as weak, moderate, and good first aid knowledge, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and regression analysis.


Results:
The mean age and working experience of teachers were respectively (41.37 ± 6.35) years and (20.07 ± 7.29) years. Among all teachers 51.0% were males and 66.3% were working in public schools. Totally, 40.3% of the teachers had passed courses on first aid and 48.5% had confronted with situations needing first-aid; 59.7% evaluated their own knowledge of first aid as moderate. The mean score of first-aid knowledge was 10.00 ± 2.58. Teachers who had received first aid training and those with previous experiences of situations requiring first-aid possessed higher scores (p < 0.001). Most teachers answered wrongly to the questions regarding first aid in a child with a fracture (93.4%) or struck by electricity (85.2%).


Conclusion:
Most of the teachers had insufficient knowledge on first aid. They mostly did not pass any training on first aid. Urgent action seems necessary for training teachers on first aid through in-service training programs.


Key words: 
First aid; Knowledge; School teachers

Iranian teachers' knowledge about first aid in the school environment.

Evaluation of martial art masters,s knowledge about tooth avulsion and associated factors

يمرك هحيلم ١  يدارم دوعسم ٢  رتكد يعيفش كنارف ٣   ١  يوجشناد  ،يكشزپنادند  يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،ييوجشناد تاقيقحت هتيمك ،يكشزپنادند هدكشناد  رد ،يتشادهب تامدخ و ينام  رك سد ،نات سدرك نات ناريا ،  ٢  يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يروانف و تاقيقحت تنواعم ،يتسيز رامآ دشرا سانشراك ينامرد ،يتشادهب تامدخ و  سدرك ،نات ناتسدرك ، ا ناري  ٣  رايداتسا  هورگ  يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يكشزپنادند هدكشناد ،ناكدوك يكشزپنادند يشزومآ امرد ،يتشادهب تامدخ و ين  ،ناتسدرك  ك ناتسدر ريا ، ا ن

Evaluating the knowledge of elementary school health teachers of Sanandaj about traumatic dental injuries in year 2017-2018

Background: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP), also known as Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, is a rare X-linked dominant genodermatosis that presents at the time of birth or soon after birth with cutaneous manifestation. This disorder may also affect the ectodermal tissues, such as the central nervous system, skeletal system, eyes, hair, nails, and teeth. The dermatological findings occur in four successive phases.Case report: Herein, we presented the case of a two day-old female newborn with inflammatory vesiculopustular lesions on the right forearm and lower limbs, who was in a good general condition. The patient had a history of similar disease in three other members of her family, who had dental abnormalities as the most common non-cutaneous manifestation. This case report highlighted the importance of a detailed diagnostic workup for the newborns with pustular skin disease.Conclusion: IP is a rare, x-linked dominant genodermatosis with multiple organs involvement. Dermatological abnormalities are the most prominent manifestation. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings, the presence of positive family history of skin vesiculopustular lesions support the diagnosis. The skin lesions do not require specific treatment and prognosis depend to other organs involvement.

http://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_8922_6220be1faec52729588dd2521046a070.pdf

A Case Report of Incontinentia Pigmenti in a Newborn with Positive Family History Extending Over Three Generations

سنجش عملکرد مربیان بهداشت مدارس ساری در مواجهه با آسیبهای دهان و دندان

Background and Aims: Trauma to the teeth is a common problem that occurs in children. Avulsion is the one of the most complex dental damages that if be untreated can cause multiple problems. Since many of dental traumas happen in school and school health teachers have main role in children treatments, the aim of this study was to evaluate the primary school health teachers’ knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after consultation training of education, all of the health teachers of elementary schools in Hamadan were selected through census sampling method and were given the regulation questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, information was collected using software SPSS19. The data was analyzed using Fisher Exact, Kolmogrov Smirnov test, Chi-square, One way, Levenes test and T-test. Results: 81 Health teachers were studied and the ratio of knowledge score of all of health teachers to a maximum knowledge score was obtained to be 43/1%. There was no significant relationship between the school health teacher knowledge and their work experiences and age (P=0.23-0.6), respectively. Average of knowledge score of who were educated was more than who were not educated previously (P<0.001). Conclusion: Primary school health teachers' knowledge of dealing with Avulsion was not at a high level. Therefore, training on the dental trauma cases is quite essential for them.

Primary school health teachers’ knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth in Hamadan

Incontinentia Pigmenti; a Rare Multisystem Disorder: Case Report of a 10-Year-Old Girl.

Background and Objectives: Dental trauma is a common problem seen in children. Since schools are one of the main places where traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur, school health care providers have an important role to reduce the possible consequences. The study aimed at examining the awareness and attitudes of elementary school health-care providers about the emergency management of TDIs in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all health-care providers of elementary schools in Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) by the SPSS 26 software. Results: Regarding emergency management of traumatic dental injures, the scores of health care providers' knowledge and health care providers' attitude were 65% and 86.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the level of knowledge and a length of service, gender, and the educational level. Conclusions: The elementary school health-care providers did not have a high level of awareness about how to deal with TDIs.

Knowledge and attitude of elementary school health-care providers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in Kashan city

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and Vitamin D levels in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment in addiction treatment centers in Kashan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 202 patients aged 18–60 years who were referred to methadone maintenance treatment clinics in Kashan. The measurement tool included a demographic information checklist and a modified oral health form of the World Health Organization. 2cc of blood was taken from patients to measure Vitamin D levels. Findings: Out of 181 patients in the study, 73.8% of patients had a methadone dose of <20 cc per day. One hundred twenty-six patients had a history of drug use. In 86.4% of patients, Vitamin D deficiencies were observed. In these patients, moderate gingival problems and moderate-to-severe dental plaque were 60.2% and 71.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the range of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index in these patients was 23.57 ± 7.90. No significant relationship was indicated between DMFT index and Vitamin D level. Conclusions: It is difficult to determine the main causes of oral problems among addicts. Apart from the direct effects of addiction, these patients exhibit a wide range of unhealthy behaviors such as poor oral hygiene, high sugar intake, and poor nutrition. On the other hand, most patients experience reduces in Vitamin D status.

Amene Taghdisi Kashani

Papers

Primary school health teachers’ knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth in Hamadan

Incontinentia Pigmenti; a Rare Multisystem Disorder: Case Report of a 10-Year-Old Girl.

Knowledge and attitude of elementary school health-care providers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in Kashan city

A cross-sectional study on the association between oral health and vitamin D levels in methadone maintenance treatment program of Iranian population