Power Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a self-organizing wireless network for mobile devices. It does not require any fixed infrastructure to be configured which makes it more suitable to be used in environments that require on-the-fly setup. This paper discusses the challenging issues in MANET routing security. It presents FrAODV, a trust-based scheme for securing AODV routing protocol in MANET using the friendship mechanism. The nodes can evaluate the routing paths according to some selected features (such as node reputation and identity information) before forwarding the data through these routes. We have used two types of implementation in our scheme, simulation (using NS2) and real test-bed (using JADHOC). This scheme is believed to provide a robust environment where MANET nodes can trust each other in a secure community.

Trust-Based Routing Mechanism in MANET: Design and Implementation

A method to investigate congestion in a computer network may include network devices to route data packets throughout the network. The method includes, for example, sending a probe packet to network devices from a source node to gather information about the traffic queues at each network device that is examined by the probe packet. A routing table at each network device that receives the probe packet is based on the gathered information for respective each traffic queue.

Network data congestion management probe system

Multi-path routing in Spatial Wireless Ad Hoc networks

Congestion, the major reason for a link break is caused due to excessive load on the network, further leads to failure of nodes and topology change in the ad-hoc network. Transferring load of congested route to less congested routes improves overall network performance. Adhoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) selects a path with a lower hop count and discards routes with higher hop count. The proposed protocol (AODV-Multipath) preserves the higher hop count routes in the routing table and utilizes it as alternate path as link failure occurs. AOMDV does not provide any means to avoid congestion and load balancing in the network. Queue Length detects congestion in the network. Queue Length and Hop Count value are together used to select a route from source to destination that avoids congestion and load balancing. If Queue length crosses a certain threshold value then Load balancing via alternate paths is carried out. The broadcast of route request packets is avoided by intermediate nodes if the routes are already congested. The proposed protocol avoids congestion, balance the load and to an extent avoid link failure. The scheme improves packet delivery ratio, throughput reduces number of dropped packets but increases average delay.

Congestion Avoidance and Load Balancing in AODV-Multipath Using Queue Length

AODV is a prominent routing protocol for MANET that uses hop count as a path selection metric However, AODV has no means to convey traffic load on current route This study focuses on introducing a new metric, Aggregate Interface Queue Length (AIQL), in AODV in order to deal with load balancing issues Performance evaluation through simulation shows that the modified code can perform better than the conventional AODV We also evaluate the effect of interface queue length on normalized routing load, average throughput and average end-to-end delay

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Performance Evaluation of Modified AODV for Load Balancing

Properties of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) like dynamic topology and decentralized connectivity make routing a challenging task. Moreover, overloaded nodes may deplete their energy in forwarding others pack-ets resulting in unstable network and performance degradation. In this paper we propose load-balancing schemes that distribute the traffic on the basis of three important metrics -residual battery capacity, average interface queue length and hop count along with the associated weight values. It helps to achieve load bal-ancing and to extend the entire network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed load-balancing schemes significantly enhance the network performance and outperform one of the most prominent ad hoc routing protocols AODV and previously proposed load balanced ad hoc routing protocols including DLAR and LARA in terms of average delay, packet delivery fraction and jitter.

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Load Balanced Routing Mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

AODV is a prominent routing protocol for MANET that uses hop count as a path selection metric. However, AODV has no means to convey traffic load on current route. In this paper we propose a weight-based load balanced routing (WLBR) protocol for MANETs. The routing strategy projected in this paper focuses on distributing the traffic on the routes consisting of nodes with comparatively longer life and have less traffic to pass through. In this paper we also introduce a new metric, Aggregate Interface Queue Length (AIQL), to deal with traffic issue. The weight of a route is decided by three factors: the aggregate interface queue length, the route energy and the hop count. The route with highest weight value is selected for further data transmission. Performance evaluation through simulation shows that the proposed protocol (WLBR) performs better than AODV protocol.

Amita Rani

Papers

Performance Evaluation of Modified AODV for Load Balancing

Load Balanced Routing Mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Weighted load balanced routing protocol for MANET