Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered.

Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: a review.

In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.

Carbon capture and storage update

In this paper, three of the leading options for large scale CO2 capture are reviewed from a technical perspective. We consider solvent-based chemisorption techniques, carbonate looping technology, and the so-called oxyfuel process. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technology, listing advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, a discussion of the level of technological maturity is presented, and we conclude by identifying current gaps in knowledge and suggest areas with significant scope for future work. We then discuss the suitability of using ionic liquids as novel, environmentally benign solvents with which to capture CO2. In addition, we consider alternatives to simply sequestering CO2—we present a discussion on the possibility of recycling captured CO2 and exploiting it as a C1 building block for the sustainable manufacture of polymers, fine chemicals, and liquid fuels. Finally, we present a discussion of relevant systems engineering methodologies in carbon capture system design.

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An overview of CO2 capture technologies

Global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has become a widespread concern in the recent years. Though various CO2 capture technologies have been proposed, chemical absorption and adsorption are currently believed to be the most suitable ones for post-combustion power plants. The operation of the chemical absorption process is reviewed in this work, together with the use of absorbents, such as the ionic liquid, alkanolamines and their blended aqueous solutions. The major concerns for this technology, including CO2 capture efficiency, absorption rate, energy required in regeneration, and volume of absorber, are addressed. For adsorption, in addition to physical adsorbents, various mesoporous solid adsorbents impregnated with polyamines and grafted with aminosilanes are reviewed in this work. The major concerns for selection of adsorbent, including cost, adsorption rate, CO2 adsorption capacity, and thermal stability, are compared and discussed. More effective and less energy-consuming regeneration techniques for CO2-loaded adsorbents are also proposed. Future works for both absorption and adsorption are suggested.

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A Review of CO2 Capture by Absorption and Adsorption

The present study provides comprehensive information on the effects of process parameter variations on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2 absorption systems using aqueous amine solutions. The process parameters of interest are amine type, concentration of the amine solutions, solution temperature, CO2 loading, and oxygen content. An electrochemical testing technique was used for determining the system corrosiveness in terms of polarization behavior and corrosion rate. The experimental results suggest that the corrosion behavior is considerably sensitive to the variations in the process parameters. Increases in amine concentration, solution temperature, CO2 loading, and oxygen content accelerate the corrosion rate in the systems. In addition, different amine types yield different degrees of the system corrosiveness. Comparisons of the corrosiveness among single amine systems as well as between mixed amine systems and their precursors are also presented.

Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in the CO2 Absorption Process Using Aqueous Amine Solutions

The performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption into aqueous solutions of single and blended alkanolamines was evaluated experimentally in a bench-scale absorber packed with high-efficiency packings. The absorption experiments were conducted under atmospheric pressure, using a feed gas mixture containing 10% CO2 and 90% nitrogen. Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and their mixtures including MEA−MDEA, DEA−MDEA, MEA−AMP, and DEA−AMP were tested in this work. The absorption performance was presented in terms of the CO2 removal efficiency, absorber height requirement, effective interfacial area for mass transfer, and overall mass-transfer coefficient (KGae). Comparison of the absorption performance between the tested alkanolamines was made over ranges of operating conditions to establish the correlation between single- and blended-alkanolamine systems.

Characterization and Comparison of the CO2 Absorption Performance into Single and Blended Alkanolamines in a Packed Column

The reboiler heat duty for regeneration of aqueous single and blended alkanolamines used in the carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption process was evaluated experimentally in a bench-scale gas stripping a...

Behavior of Reboiler Heat Duty for CO2 Capture Plants Using Regenerable Single and Blended Alkanolamines

Environmental impacts of absorption-based CO2 capture unit for post-combustion treatment of flue gas from coal-fired power plant

Integration of CO2 capture unit using single- and blended-amines into supercritical coal-fired power plants: Implications for emission and energy management

Amornvadee Veawab

Papers

Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in the CO2 Absorption Process Using Aqueous Amine Solutions

Characterization and Comparison of the CO2 Absorption Performance into Single and Blended Alkanolamines in a Packed Column

Behavior of Reboiler Heat Duty for CO2 Capture Plants Using Regenerable Single and Blended Alkanolamines

Environmental impacts of absorption-based CO2 capture unit for post-combustion treatment of flue gas from coal-fired power plant

Integration of CO2 capture unit using single- and blended-amines into supercritical coal-fired power plants: Implications for emission and energy management