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Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment

AANGEPAST DOOR ANNE:[-]Dit boek geeft een uitgebreid overzicht van alle sociale hervormingen die de afgelopen dertig jaar in Europa zijn doorgevoerd. Aan bod komen Duitsland, Oostenrijk, Frankrijk, Belgi , Nederland, Spanje, Itali , Zwitserland, Tsjechi , Hongarije, Polen en Slowakije. Bruno Palier toont aan dat al deze landen vergaande hervormingen hebben doorgevoerd in hun zorgstelsel. De oudere structuren, gebaseerd op de eerste sociale zorgstelsels als die onder Bismarck, voldoen niet meer aan de hedendaagse maatschappelijke behoeften. Zo is met de emancipatie van werknemers de hi rarchische structuur veranderd en is de man niet langer vanzelfsprekend de kostwinner van het gezin. Tegenwoordig hebben veel landen een duaal systeem dat onderscheid maakt tussen bescherming van goedfunctionerende burgers en de ondersteuning en motivatie van 'atypische' deelnemers aan de samenleving.[-][-]Bruno Palier is onderzoeker aan de Fondation nationale des sciences politiques in Parijs en wetenschappelijk co rdinator van de European Network of Excellence, Reconciling Work and Welfare in Europe (RECWOWE).[-][-][-]During the 2000s, all continental European countries implemented important structural reforms of their welfare systems (a shift to multi-pillar pension systems, activation, competition in health insurance and care policies outside the family). Even though the changes only became fully apparent over the past decade, this book shows that they must be understood as the culmination of a longer reform trajectory. This book is devoted to the detailed analysis of this reform trajectory. Taken together, the reforms have contributed to a reorganisation of the Bismarckian welfare systems as a whole: they have lost their encompassing capacities, partly turned to activation and employment-friendliness, and weakened the strongest elements of their male breadwinner bias. Instead of the emergence of new hybrid welfare systems, the book concludes that Continental Europe witnessed the development of dual welfare systems that differentiate between the protection of the core workers and the activation of the -atypical (low skilled) ones, and thus contribute to the dualisation of Continental European societies.

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A Long Goodbye to Bismarck? : The Politics of Welfare Reform in Continental Europe

Summary This article discusses the current transformation of Turkey’s welfare regime in the context of contemporary developments in social policy processes, particularly in Europe. It is argued that the transformation, under constraints of gobalization and neo-liberalism, involves a change from an inegalitarian corporatism where both the rural population and urban informal sector employees were excluded from the formal social security system. Variables influencing the direction of change include the historical legacy of state–society relations in the country, the conservative liberalism of the current government, the influence of international financial institutions that emphasize budgetary discipline, as well as the need for more universalist approaches to combat new forms of poverty and social exclusion. The relations of Turkey with the EU also affect the balance between conservative-liberal trends and universalist, rights-based approaches to social policy.

The Turkish welfare regime in transformation

This article addresses the need to establish a comprehensive conceptual framework for analysing healthcare systems and their transformations. It begins by offering an overview of the current state of the art in the field, pointing to the literature's absence of conceptual robustness in the definition of system types. By exploring the dimensions ‘financing’, ‘provision’ and ‘regulation’ of healthcare, the article then proceeds deductively in line with the ‘Weberian method of ideal-types’ to establish a taxonomy of 27 healthcare systems, of which three can be identified as ‘ideal-types’. When applying this concept, not only can differences between healthcare systems be analysed, but also changes over time. The article concludes by identifying three forms of healthcare system transformation.

Healthcare System Types: A Conceptual Framework for Comparison

1. Introduction: How Distinct are the Nordic Welfare States? 2. Still Different? Income Distribution in the Nordic Countries in a European Comparison 3. Nordic Health Inequalities in the European Context 4. Gender Policies and Gender Equality 5.Gender Equality in Earnings at Work and at Home 6. Changing Family Patterns - A Challenge to Social Security 7. Health and Social Care Systems: How Different is the Nordic Model? 8. Toward Activation? The Changing Relationship Between Social Protection and Employment in Western Europe 9. On Condition of Work: Increasing Work Requirements in Unemployment Compensation Schemes 10. Moving Closer? Convergence in Financing of Welfare States 11. Conclusion: The Nordic Welfare States in the European Context

Nordic welfare states in the European context

Recent research has shown that the traditional view of social welfare in Southern Europe as 'rudimentary' is a misreading of its distinct nature: welfare arrangements in the region do not 'lag behind' as a whole, rather they suffer from serious imbalances that cause inequities and inefficiencies. The article focuses on Greece and Spain, two countries that differ in terms of economic performance and size, but share a recent history of successful transition to democracy and common membership of the Southern European 'model' of welfare. The article shows that the welfare policies pursued in these two countries over the last 20 years were marked by strong expansionary trends that clearly outbalanced occasional cut-backs. This evidence lends no support to the 'social dumping' hypothesis. If anything, 'catching up with Europe' in terms of social as well as economic standards seems to have been elevated to something of a national ideal, shared by both government and opposition. As the expansionary thrust of 'wel...

Testing the 'social dumping' hypothesis in Southern Europe: welfare policies in Greece and Spain during the last 20 years:

This article makes a comparative analysis of the trajectories of welfare change in Italy and Spain since the outbreak of the financial crisis We look at the differences in the types of institutional design to study of welfare reform in these two countries and assess how recent changes have affected welfare state institutions The article also assesses the level of EU involvement not only through formal instruments around the European Semester, but also by means of agreements with the Troika and the European Central Bank For this part of the analysis three sets of documents have been used: Commission Recommendations and Council Decisions in relation to Excessive Deficit Procedures; Commission country-specific recommendations based on Stability or Convergence Programmes; and Policy Measures to boost growth and jobs (National Reform Programmes) These documents allow an analysis of the contents of formal adjustment pressures Other documents and sources (including newspaper articles) have also been analysed in order to look at the role of conditionality and ‘backroom’ diplomacy

From austerity to permanent strain? The EU and welfare state reform in Italy and Spain

South European countries have been hit hardest and longest by the post-2008 economic crisis. This has brought their welfare states under acute strain. Unmet need has sharply increased while significant welfare reforms and (more or less) deep cuts and changes in social spending have been prominent in the repertoire of the crisis management solutions implemented by the governments (under European Union constraints and the strict rescue-deal requirements for Greece and Portugal). This introduction briefly reviews reform trends prior to and during the crisis in order to highlight convergent and divergent paths among the four countries and outline the major questions addressed by the contributions to this volume.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13608746.2014.950369

Can the Welfare State as We Know It Survive? A View from the Crisis-Ridden South European Periphery

This article assesses to what extent the enlargement of the EU towards Spain has impacted the reform of social policies up to the present. Despite the fact that the norms issued by the European Union regarding the regulation of social-protection policies is scant, becoming a member of such a supranational institution can be expected to have influenced the redesign of welfare states either directly or indirectly, thus contributing to the overcoming of path dependence. The article analyses the influence of EU accession on both procedural and substantive aspects, i.e. on the policy-making process and institutional remodelling, and on the design and content of social policies respectively. The article discusses the influence of the EU as compared to that of domestic politics and other international organizations on the redesign of the Spanish welfare state. It concludes that a significant process of ‘cognitive Europeanization’ may be ascertained.

Ana M. Guillén

Papers

Testing the 'social dumping' hypothesis in Southern Europe: welfare policies in Greece and Spain during the last 20 years:

From austerity to permanent strain? The EU and welfare state reform in Italy and Spain

Can the Welfare State as We Know It Survive? A View from the Crisis-Ridden South European Periphery

The EU's Impact on the Spanish Welfare State: The Role of Cognitive Europeanization

Adopting and adapting managed competition: health care reform in Southern Europe