Towards automated aquaponics: A review on monitoring, IoT, and smart systems

Protected Agriculture (PA) presents a sustainable solution for food production in hot and arid environments. Harsh climate and the water deficit are obstacles to all year round cultivation. The greenhouse design should provide adequate control of its microclimate, such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and lightning depending on ambient conditions and the type of cultivation. This paper provides a thorough review of previous research on greenhouses design features, deemed important for efficient operation in hot and arid environments, such as dimensions, orientation, shapes, covering and shading materials. Effective greenhouse cooling methodologies and operation strategies to achieve and maintain satisfactory climate conditions in hot and arid conditions are investigated. Namely, natural and forced ventilation, evaporative cooling and fogging systems. Furthermore, the paper discusses the greenhouse control methods (field, remote, direct and combined) to monitor and regulate the indoor climatic parameters. Finally, the paper focuses on current greenhouse sustainable technologies and clean energy applications that contribute towards minimizing dependency on fossil fuels and leading to efficient water management. Namely, storage systems, humidification/dehumidification systems and Photovoltaic Panels. The future challenges facing the protected agriculture sector are identified. Suggestions of future scientific research and development topics are proposed.

Design challenges of agricultural greenhouses in hot and arid environments – A review

Even the cost of a publication man a geomorphological agent an introduction to anthropic geomorphology by d nir%0D is so economical; lots of people are actually stingy to establish aside their cash to acquire guides. The other factors are that they really feel bad and also have no time to head to guide shop to browse guide man a geomorphological agent an introduction to anthropic geomorphology by d nir%0D to read. Well, this is contemporary era; many books could be got conveniently. As this man a geomorphological agent an introduction to anthropic geomorphology by d nir%0D as well as more publications, they could be entered really fast methods. You will certainly not have to go outside to obtain this book man a geomorphological agent an introduction to anthropic geomorphology by d nir%0D

Man, a Geomorphological Agent. An Introduction to Anthropic Geomorphology

Technological processes of catering products manufacture need energy optimization. This article proposes the improvement of mathematical modeling apparatus at the stage of technological processes design and reconstruction. The authors used data from large restaurant‐type catering enterprises typical for million‐plus cities, some of which prepare fast‐food dishes. The possibilities of calorie generation during photosynthesis and the generation of electricity by photocells were examined to understand the energy benefits for catering enterprises. Emphasis is placed on minimizing energy consumption for heating and cooling in food production cycles using cogeneration, regeneration, and generation from local renewable energy sources. Cooking and storage chambers can be differentiated by thermal potentials. The modeling algorithm is deepened by the introduction of links between power consumption and generation equipment. A set of organizational measures of reconstruction is proposed in the design of production systems, which allows one to save up to 33–80% of the total energy costs of a real network of catering outlets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of modern energy technologies in the production processes of public catering enterprises will reduce total costs by up to 80% and improve the overall environmental friendliness of the food industry. While planning reconstruction of basic energy equipment, buildings, and mechanisms, the following must be taken into account. These include concepts of a healthy diet, local renewable energy resources, cultivating local natural food ingredients, and utilizing heat and calorie emissions. Up to 50% of the existing equipment requires such a reconstruction in public catering in developing countries. The principles recommended by the authors for the reconstruction of the production processes of public catering enterprises require the use of advanced algorithms for the mathematical optimization of energy flows and balances.

Mathematical modeling of the technological processes of catering products production.

Traditional planting and aquaculture has the problem of large consumption of water resources and land resources, and the water environmental pollution is also a difficult problem facing human beings. Population growth and food safety issues have promoted the concept of aquaponics——a recycling ecological planting and breeding mode. It combines hydroponics and recirculating aquaculture technology to realize water resources and nutrient recycling, low pollution and high productivity and efficiency. In this paper, hydroponics as the main vegetable cultivation method in aquaponics and the main equipment of water treatment in recirculating aquaculture are introduced, and the traditional equipment and its development prospects are analyzed. The greenhouse environments, water quality and nutrient circulation involved in intelligent monitoring and control of aquaponic systems are systematically analyzed and summarized. This paper summarizes the current development of technology and methods in aquaponics and provides prospects for future development trends. With the development of technology, in the future, the aquaponics system will become more intelligent, intensive, accurate and efficient.

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Equipment and Intelligent Control System in Aquaponics: A Review

This paper introduces an automated solar-powered aquaponics system, designed and implemented to be cost-effective and environmentally sound for local communities in Oman and other arid regions. It presents the design, construction and implementation of the following modules: 1) water recirculation system that circulates water to an aquaculture tank and hydroponic beds; 2) aquaponics control and monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller interfaced with sensors, actuators, GSM shield and NI LabVIEW that allows plants and fish to grow together in an interdependent and controlled environment; 3) solar energy conversion system that powers the whole project using the concept of renewable energy source; and, 4) cooling and heating systems that maintain the air and water temperatures to acceptable level for plant and fish growth. The analyses of experimental data taken during summer and winter time show the sustainability of the designed aquaponics system.

An automated solar-powered aquaponics system towards agricultural sustainability in the Sultanate of Oman

Cloud-based Wireless Monitoring System and Control of a Smart Solar-Powered Aquaponics Greenhouse to Promote Sustainable Agriculture and Fishery in an Arid Region

This paper introduces the various upstream land use activities that are major contributors of downstream water pollution. The proposed measures to reduce the pollution of downstream water bodies such as sustainable agricultural activities, systematic land allocation and management are discussed in the paper. It presents the analysis of upstream land use against the water quality parameters measured at different water management facilities to identify the most significant land use factors for optimization. Recommendations on how to optimize land use allocation and formulate policies for the purpose of protecting downstream water bodies, as well as reducing the cost associated with water purification, are mentioned.

A Survey on Management of Upstream Land Use and its Impact on Downstream Water Quality Parameters

Autonomous trash collector robot with wireless charging system in a campus environment

This article discusses about the design and deployment of a smart robotic system on university campuses for monitoring the indoor environment, health protocols, and sanitation. The designed VEX autonomous robotic system performed the following tasks: (a) moving around the university classrooms and scanning the body temperature of students and staff, as well as tracking environmental parameters in classrooms; (b) executing sanitation function by disinfecting objects in classrooms; and (c) performing security function by sending an alert signal to health and safety officer if a student or staff with fever enters the classroom, or if staff or student is not wearing face mask indoors. Particle Photon microcontrollers linked to sensors and actuators were used to detect and manage indoor environmental conditions as well as track individuals' body temperatures from a distance, with the data being stored in the ThingSpeak and Particle cloud platforms and displayed on smartphone apps. Transfer learning through MIT App Inventor's Personal Image Classifier was used to detect health protocol violations with 93.33% accuracy. The maximum distance traversed by the robot prototype was 38 meters, with an average time of 220 seconds and an average speed of 0.17 meters per second. The robot had an 88.89% success rate in following the black-lined course. This intelligent robotic system can limit staff and student exposure to infectious diseases and implement "new normal" health and safety practices on campus as post-COVID-19 precautions.

Analene Montesines Nagayo

Papers

An automated solar-powered aquaponics system towards agricultural sustainability in the Sultanate of Oman

Cloud-based Wireless Monitoring System and Control of a Smart Solar-Powered Aquaponics Greenhouse to Promote Sustainable Agriculture and Fishery in an Arid Region

A Survey on Management of Upstream Land Use and its Impact on Downstream Water Quality Parameters

Autonomous trash collector robot with wireless charging system in a campus environment

Indoor Environment and Health Protocol Monitoring and Control System Integrated into a Smart Robot to Promote Safety on University Campuses