The viscosity and density of four pure liquid compounds (dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether) were measured at several temperatures between 283.15 and 353.15 K. The density measurements were performed up to 60 MPa with an uncertainty of 1×10−4g·cm−3. The viscosity at atmospheric pressure was measured with an Ubbelohde-type glass capillary tube viscometer with an uncertainty of ±1%. At pressures up to 100 MPa the viscosity was determined with a falling ball viscometer with an uncertainty of ±2%. The density (410 experimental values) and viscosity data (184 experimental values) were fitted to several correlation equations.

High-Pressure Measurements of the Viscosity and Density of Two Polyethers and Two Dialkyl Carbonates

Molecular-level decisions are increasingly recognized as an integral part of process design. Finding the optimal process performance requires the integrated optimization of process and solvent chemical structure, leading to a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The formulation of such problems when using a group contribution version of the statistical associating fluid theory, SAFT-γ Mie, to predict the physical properties of the relevant mixtures reliably over process conditions is presented. To solve the challenging MINLP, a novel hierarchical methodology for integrated process and solvent design (hierarchical optimization) is presented. Reduced models of the process units are developed and used to generate a set of initial guesses for the MINLP solution. The methodology is applied to the design of a physical absorption process to separate carbon dioxide from methane, using a broad selection of ethers as the molecular design space. The solvents with best process performance are found to be poly(oxymethylene)dimethylethers. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3249–3269, 2015

A hierarchical method to integrated solvent and process design of physical CO2 absorption using the SAFT‐γ Mie approach

Density and viscosity were determined over the whole concentration range for the binary mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) + water at six temperatures in the range of (298.15 to 323.15) K. The experimental results are compared with data published in the previous literature. The density (ρ) and viscosity (η) values were used to calculate the excess molar volume (VmE) and viscosity deviation (Δη). The computed results are fitted to a Redlich−Kister equation to obtain the coefficients and estimate the standard deviations between the experimental and calculated quantities. The values of VmE are negative, whereas the values of Δη are positive over the entire composition range.

Density, Viscosity, and Excess Properties for Aqueous Poly(ethylene glycol) Solutions from (298.15 to 323.15) K

Glymes, also known as glycol diethers, are saturated non-cyclic polyethers containing no other functional groups. Most glymes are usually less volatile and less toxic than common laboratory organic solvents; in this context, they are more environmentally benign solvents. However, it is also important to point out that some glymes could cause long-term reproductive and developmental damage despite their low acute toxicities. Glymes have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics that common organic solvents lack. In addition, they are usually thermally and chemically stable, and can even form complexes with ions. Therefore, glymes are found in a broad range of laboratory applications including organic synthesis, electrochemistry, biocatalysis, materials, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), etc. In addition, glymes are used in numerous industrial applications, such as cleaning products, inks, adhesives and coatings, batteries and electronics, absorption refrigeration and heat pumps, as well as pharmaceutical formulations, etc. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive and critical review on this attractive subject. This review aims to accomplish this task by providing an in-depth understanding of glymes' physicochemical properties, toxicity and major applications.

/pdf/glymes-as-versatile-solvents-for-chemical-reactions-and-2t20hubyvl.pdf

Glymes as versatile solvents for chemical reactions and processes: from the laboratory to industry

Screening of conventional ionic liquids for carbon dioxide capture and separation

Liquid densities and heat capacities at 1 MPa, and kinematic viscosities at atmospheric pressure of monoethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether were measured in the temperature range (283.15 to 423.15) K. For each substance, experimental data were correlated with temperature using empirical polynomial equations. The experimental data of kinematic viscosity and heat capacity were used to evaluate the predictive capability of some estimation methods of the literature.

Liquid Densities, Kinematic Viscosities, and Heat Capacities of Some Alkylene Glycol Dialkyl Ethers

Liquid densities and heat capacities at 1 MPa, and kinematic viscosities at atmospheric pressure of monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether (MEGDME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TrEGDME), tetrathylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PeEGDME), and polyethylene glycol 250 dimethyl ether (PEGDME 250) were measured in the temperature range from 283.15 to 423.15 K. For each substance, experimental data were correlated with temperature using empirical polynomial equations. The experimental data were also used to evaluate the predictive capability of some estimation methods of liquid densities and heat capacities for the studied ethylene glycol dimethyl ethers. The densities estimated by the Yen–Woods equation agree with our experimental values with a root-mean-square relative deviation (RMSD) of 3.21% for all ethylene glycol dimethyl ethers. The best estimated results of liquid heat capacities were obtained from the Rowlinson equation based on the corresponding-states principle, with a RMSD of 1.12%. The group-contribution methods give the worst results, especially at high temperatures.

Liquid Densities, Kinematic Viscosities, and Heat Capacities of Some Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ethers at Temperatures from 283.15 to 423.15 K

The liquid−liquid−solid equilibria in the two-liquid and two-liquid + one-solid quaternary regions for the quaternary system water + ethanol + 1-butanol + potassium chloride at 25 °C have been determined. Distribution and selectivity curves are represented for this system, and they are compared with those previously obtained for the water + ethanol + 1-butanol + sodium chloride system at 25 °C; the different salt effects of both salts have been discussed. Tie-line and tie-triangle data have been correlated using a modification of the Eisen−Joffe equation.

and Albert Conesa

Papers

Liquid Densities, Kinematic Viscosities, and Heat Capacities of Some Alkylene Glycol Dialkyl Ethers

Liquid Densities, Kinematic Viscosities, and Heat Capacities of Some Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ethers at Temperatures from 283.15 to 423.15 K

Salt effect in the quaternary system water + ethanol + 1-butanol + potassium chloride at 25 °C