Reinforcement of natural rubber with silica/carbon black hybrid filler

The modified silica at different temperature (MSaDT) with bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), and MSaDT filled solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites were prepared to investigate the effect of temperature on surface modification of silica. The results showed that TESPT was successfully bonded on the surface of silica by chemical bonds. The grafting degree ( K ) of MSaDT of 50 °C was 62.2% and higher than that at the other temperatures. The thermal weight loss and the size distribution of MSaDT showed that the silanol of TESPT hydrolysates reacted with the surface hydroxyl groups of silica, decreasing the average size and agglomeration of modified silica. For 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite, the static mechanical properties and rubber–filler interaction of the composite were better than those of the others. As far as dynamic mechanical properties are concerned, the 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite owned a best combination of low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance.

Effect of the temperature on surface modification of silica and properties of modified silica filled rubber composites

Silica-reinforced tire tread compounds compatibilized by using epoxidized natural rubber

In this study, we investigated the effects of untreated precipitated silica (PSi) and fly ash silica (FASi) as fillers on the properties of natural rubber (NR) and styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The cure characteristics and the final properties of the NR and SBR compounds were considered separately and comparatively with regard to the effect of the loading of the fillers, which ranged from 0 to 80 phr. In the NR system, the cure time and minimum and maximum torques of the NR compounds progressively in- creased at PSi loadings of 30 -75 phr. A relatively low cure time and low viscosity of the NR compounds were achieved throughout the FASi loadings used. The vulcanizate prop- erties of the FASi-filled vulcanizates appeared to be very similar to those of the PSi-filled vulcanizates at silica con- tents of 0 -30 phr. Above these concentrations, the properties of the PSi-filled vulcanizates improved, whereas those of the FASi-filled compounds remained the same. In the SBR sys- tem, the changing trends of all of the properties of the filled SBR vulcanizates were very similar to those of the filled NR vulcanizates, except for the tensile and tear strengths. For a given rubber matrix and silica content, the discrepancies in the results between PSi and FASi were associated with filler- filler interactions, filler particle size, and the amount of nonrubber in the vulcanizates. With the effect of the FASi particles on the mechanical properties of the NR and SBR vulcanizates considered, we recommend fly ash particles as a filler in NR at silica concentrations of 0 -30 phr but not in SBR systems, except when improvement in the tensile and tear properties is required. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2119 -2130, 2004

Fly ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in rubbers. I. Untreated fillers in natural rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber compounds

Roles of silane coupling agents on properties of silica-filled polychloroprene

The silane modification of precipitated silica for rubber applications is state-of-the-art. Usually, bifunctional silanes are used to provide a silica-to-rubber coupling. In this paper, th...

Andre Wehmeier

Papers

Influence of Different Silanes on the Reinforcement of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds

Crosslinking and reinforcement of silica/silane-filled rubber compounds