What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Resena de la obra de Don A. Dillman, Jolene D. Smyth y Leah Melani Christian: Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys. The Tailored Design Method. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7287796.pdf

Internet, phone, mail and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method: reseña

Este articulo es, a dia de hoy, una de las piezas clasicas y fundamentales para la posibilidad de estudiar las relaciones globales de poder a partir de las herramientas conceptuales desarrolladas por Gramsci a lo largo de su obra. Cox, contribuye de esta forma a las corrientes criticas de las Relaciones Internacionales al discutir varios conceptos gramscianos y cuales serian las implicaciones para estudiar las relaciones internacionales en distintos periodos de hegemonia y contrahegemonia. De igual forma, el autor planteo la cuestion –en su momento novedosa– de la relevancia de tomar en cuenta los procesos internos de construccion de bloques historicos contrahegemonicos como aquellos que podrian tener un efecto revolucionario en las estructuras y organizaciones internacionales, asi como ruptura con la hegemonia plasmada como una clase perteneciente a un orden economico universal transnacional.  This article is a classic and fundamental for approaching global power relations with the conceptual tools developed by Gramsci. Cox contributes to critical thought in International Relations by discussing various gramscian concepts and what their implications are for the study of different historical forms of hegemony and counter-hegemony. Also, the author draws our attention –novel at the time of its publicaction– to the relevance of taking into account the construction of domestic counter-hegemonic historic blocs. He suggests that these could have a revolutionary effect on international structures and organizations, as well as rupture with the hegemony performed by the transnational economic order.

/pdf/gramsci-hegemonia-y-relaciones-internacionales-un-ensayo-4pf37zld7g.pdf

Gramsci, hegemonía y relaciones internacionales: Un ensayo sobre el método | Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method

As previously discussed, Reyhner and Eder (1989) have divided the history of American Indian educational policy, and indeed Indian policy generally, into six distinct periods or eras, culminating in our current state of Self-Determination. While this seems to be an accurate assessment of the present day, the authors would like to suggest that recent global developments have created considerable impetus for change in Indian Country. The authors believe that Indigenous populations may well be on the cusp of a new day in Indian policy in America, if proper consideration is given to this global imperative.

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

ity between and within each country, the former allows the rich in both poor and rich countries to “intermingle” in the calculation of global inequality, which is then fully decomposable into the between and within country components. What the survey data show is that global inequality first increased between 1988 and 1993 and then decreased from 1993 to 1998, reflecting the stagnation of poor rural areas of China and India in the first period, and the slight catching up of poor rural areas in the second period. Furthermore, Milanovic shows that previous attempts at capturing this type of inequality reach conflicting conclusions regarding the trend, which in turn reflect different assumptions and data sources, most of which bias the calculated results downward. The final section discusses the future of global inequality, and what can be done to redress it. Where previous studies express confidence in a declining global inequality trend, Milanovic is less confident, suggesting that we can be certain only that inequality is high. Furthermore, since the trend depends heavily on the performance of one country— China, predictions about future trends are speculative at best. Milanovic is certain about two things. First, global inequality is immoral. Second, redistribution is possible and would be both moral and efficient to the development of humanity as a whole.

Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice:

One of the most widely held assumptions in the literature on global governance is that international organizations are increasingly turning to transnational actors (TNAs),2 that is, civil society organizations, business associations and multinational corporations, in standard-setting and implementation.3 Yet how can we explain varying degrees of openness toward these actors over time, with regard to specific TNAs and within organizations?

Explaining Varying Degrees of Openness in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

PART I: INTRODUCTION AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Introduction: Transnational Partnerships for Sustainable Development Marianne Beisheim, Andrea Liese, and Jasmin Lorch 2. Research Design: Measuring and Explaining the Effectiveness of PPPs Andrea Liese and Marianne Beisheim PART II: CASE STUDIES: EFFECTIVENESS AND INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSNATIONAL PPPS 3. Partnerships for Health - Special Focus: Service Provision Marco Schaferhoff 4. Partnerships for Decent Work and Food - Special Focus: Standard Setting Chistopher Kaan 5. Partnerships for Water and Energy - Special Focus: Knowledge Transfer Sabine Campe 6. Who Governs Partnerships? On the Role of Boards, Donors, Partners, and Other Stakeholders Marianne Beisheim, Andrea Liese, and Christian Vosseler PART III: CASE STUDIES: LOCAL-LEVEL PROJECTS OF SERVICE PARTNERSHIPS IN EAST AFRICA AND SOUTH ASIA 7. Can PPPs make it anywhere? How limited statehood and other area factors influence PPP effectiveness Andrea Liese, Hannah Janetschek, and Johanna Sarre 8. What's the 'Best Fit'? Partnership Project Design and its Influence on Effectiveness Marianne Beisheim, Hannah Janetschek, and Johanna Sarre PART IV: CONCLUSION 9. Summing Up: Key Findings and Avenues for Future Research Marianne Beisheim and Andrea Liese

Transnational partnerships : effectively providing for sustainable development?

This chapter takes stock with the research on the authority of international organizations (IOs) and international public administrations (IPAs) in the fields of International Relations (IR) and Public Administration (PA) It combines arguments from conceptual and theoretical debates with empirical findings to explore under which conditions IPAs are likely to enjoy authority Based on a review of the literature and on conceptual clarifications, we define authority as a social relationship between holders and granters of authority We distinguish two types of authority, namely, political and expert authority, and two forms of recognition, namely, in practice (de facto) and by formal delegation (de jure) Given that the de facto expert authority of IPAs has received least attention in the literature, while the PA literature reminds us that knowledge lies at the heart of bureaucratic power, we develop propositions on how de facto expert authority could be measured and how the anticipated variation of expert authority among IPAs could be explained We illustrate our argument with reference to empirical findings in the IR and PA literature We conclude by highlighting the implications of our discussion for future research on the authority of national and IPAs

The Authority of International Public Administrations

Transnational public–private partnerships (PPPs) are external governance actors in the field of development cooperation and vary in composition, potentially including nonprofit and for-profit organizations, state and public agencies, and intergovernmental organizations. This article analyzes the conditions under which PPPs have been successful in providing access to basic services (water, sanitation, and food) in areas of limited statehood in Bangladesh, India, and Kenya. We focus on 10 projects carried out by two PPPs that differ in two key respects: legitimacy and institutional design. We show that partnerships with high empirical legitimacy and an appropriate institutional design are best able to fulfill complex tasks in contexts of limited statehood. A participatory approach can promote legitimacy and thus success; projects that lack legitimacy are prone to failure. Additionally, a project's institutional design must address problems that commonly affect areas of limited statehood: It should provide access to resources for capacity development, ensure adequate monitoring, and be tailored to local needs.

Andrea Liese

Papers

Explaining Varying Degrees of Openness in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Transnational partnerships : effectively providing for sustainable development?

The Authority of International Public Administrations

Transnational Partnerships: Conditions for Successful Service Provision in Areas of Limited Statehood

The Persistent Power of Human Rights: The power of human rights a decade after