Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

Many lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria have a central role in ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are critical regulators of cell death, a key feature of neurodegeneration. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA and oxidative stress both contribute to ageing, which is the greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. In all major examples of these diseases there is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early and acts causally in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, an impressive number of disease-specific proteins interact with mitochondria. Thus, therapies targeting basic mitochondrial processes, such as energy metabolism or free-radical generation, or specific interactions of disease-related proteins with mitochondria, hold great promise.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Mitophagy is the selective elimination of mitochondria through autophagy Recent studies have uncovered the molecular mechanisms mediating mitophagy in yeast and mammalian cells and have revealed that the dysregulation of one of these mechanisms — the PINK1–parkin-mediated signalling pathway — may contribute to Parkinson's disease

/pdf/mechanisms-of-mitophagy-evi78v27hj.pdf

Mechanisms of mitophagy

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a neuromuscular transmission disease caused by autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). We report on a patient with LEMS and a cerebellar syndrome associated with lymphatic proliferation in the thymus. As thymectomy and immunosuppressive therapy failed to efficiently reduce clinical symptoms and VGCC antibody titer, we performed immunoadsorption using a tryptophan-ligand column for the first time. Repeated treatments resulted in a considerable decrease in antibody levels and a marked subjective and objective amelioration of LEMS as well as of the cerebellar symptoms.

A Case Report of the Efficient Reduction of Calcium Channel Antibodies by Tryptophan Ligand Immunoadsorption in a Patient With Lambert–Eaton Syndrome

Steadily increasing rated unit power of direct-drive wind turbine generators for offshore applications requires solutions with high torque density. HTS excitation windings allow for a higher electromagnetic utilisation compared to an excitation by rare-earth permanent magnets but must be competitive regarding overall cost. This work addresses this multi-objective optimisation problem (mass, cost) by means of a numerical evaluation for a generator design with conventional iron parts and HTS excitation winding under variation of eight variables. The Pareto frontier is approximated for HTS excited direct-drive generators in the 7 MW power class.

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generator With HTS Excitation Winding


 Background: Recurrent events analysis plays an important role in many applications, including the study of chronic diseases or recurrence of infections. Historically, most models for the analysis of time-to-event data, including recurrent events, have been based on Cox proportional hazards regression. Recently, however, the Piece-wise exponential Additive Mixed Model (PAMM) has gained popularity as a flexible framework for survival analysis. While many papers and tutorials have been presented in the literature on the application of Cox based models, few papers have provided detailed instructions for the application of PAMMs and to our knowledge, none exist for recurrent events analysis. Methods: The PAMM is introduced as a framework for recurrent events analysis. We describe the application of the model to unstratified and stratified shared frailty models for recurrent events. We illustrate how penalized splines can be used to estimate non-linear and time-varying covariate effects without a priori assumptions about their functional shape. The model is motivated for both, analysis on the gap timescale ("clock-reset") and calendar timescale ("clock-forward"). The data augmentation necessary for the application to recurrent events is described and explained in detail. Results: Simulations confirmed that the model provides unbiased estimates of covariate effects and the frailty variance, as well as equivalence to the Cox model when proportional hazards are assumed. Applications to recurrence of staphylococcus aureus and malaria in children illustrates the estimation of seasonality, bivariate non-linear effects, multiple timescales and relaxation of the proportional hazards assumption via time-varying effects. The R package pammtools has been extended to facilitate estimation, visualization and interpretation of PAMMs for recurrent events analysis. Conclusion: PAMMs provide a flexible framework for the analysis of time-to-event and recurrent events data. The estimation of PAMMs is based on Generalized Additive Mixed Models and thus extends the researcher’s toolbox for recurrent events analysis.

/pdf/recurrent-events-analysis-with-piece-wise-exponential-4edw8iydrm.pdf

Recurrent Events Analysis with Piece-wise exponential Additive Mixed Models

• Obtain survey results from different polling agencies, • Aggregate (pool) multiple surveys (from different pollsters) within a pre-specified time-window, taking into account the correlation between different polling agencies • Perform Monte Carlo simulations of election outcomes based on the (pooled) survey results • Redistribute votes based on the method specific to the election of interest (e.g., Saint-Lague-Scheppers for German Bundestag election) • Calculate Bayesian posterior probabilities for specific events, e.g., to obtain enough votes (> 50%) to form a governing coalition

/pdf/coalitions-coalition-probabilities-in-multi-party-4lnjgibs1i.pdf

coalitions: Coalition probabilities in multi-party democracies

A multitude of different rehabilitation interventions and other specific health care services are offered for individuals with disorders of consciousness in long-term care settings. To investigate the association of those services and patient-relevant outcomes, a specific instrument to document the utilization of those services is needed. The purpose of this study was to develop such a questionnaire administered to caregivers in epidemiological studies or patient registries in Germany. The development process of the RECAPDOC questionnaire was carried out in three steps. Step 1 consisted of a systematic literature review and an online-based expert survey to define the general content. Step 2 was an expert interview to evaluate the preliminary content of the questionnaire. Step 3 was a pretest including cognitive interviews with caregivers. After each step, the results were combined into a new version of the questionnaire. The first version of the questionnaire included items on utilization of medical care, medical aids, nursing and therapeutic care. The results of the expert interview led to the integration of five new items and the modification of six other items. The pretest led to some minor modifications of the questionnaire since it was rated as feasible and acceptable. The final questionnaire consisted of 29 items covering the domains “living situation”, “social insurance status”, “utilisation of home health care”, “domestic services”, “outpatient health care”, “specific diagnostic measures”, “adaptive technologies”, “medical aids” and “utilization of therapies”. Also the experience of family support and multidisciplinary collaboration of health professionals is covered. The developed questionnaire is a first step to make the situation of patients with disorders of consciousness in the long-term care setting accessible for evaluation in epidemiological studies and in the context of patient registries. However, further reliability and validity studies are needed.

/pdf/recapdoc-a-questionnaire-for-the-documentation-of-32hv0a4k1o.pdf

RECAPDOC - a questionnaire for the documentation of rehabilitation care utilization in individuals with disorders of consciousness in long-term care in Germany: development and pretesting

Andreas Bender

Papers

A Case Report of the Efficient Reduction of Calcium Channel Antibodies by Tryptophan Ligand Immunoadsorption in a Patient With Lambert–Eaton Syndrome

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generator With HTS Excitation Winding

Recurrent Events Analysis with Piece-wise exponential Additive Mixed Models

coalitions: Coalition probabilities in multi-party democracies

RECAPDOC - a questionnaire for the documentation of rehabilitation care utilization in individuals with disorders of consciousness in long-term care in Germany: development and pretesting