The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

A novel colour image encryption algorithm based on chaos

In recent years secret permutations have been widely used for protecting different types of multimedia data, including speech files, digital images and videos. Based on a general model of permutation-only multimedia ciphers, this paper performs a quantitative cryptanalysis on the performance of these kind of ciphers against plaintext attacks. When the plaintext is of size MxN and with L different levels of values, the following quantitative cryptanalytic findings have been concluded under the assumption of a uniform distribution of each element in the plaintext: (1) all permutation-only multimedia ciphers are practically insecure against known/chosen-plaintext attacks in the sense that only O(log"L(MN)) known/chosen plaintexts are sufficient to recover not less than (in an average sense) half elements of the plaintext; (2) the computational complexity of the known/chosen-plaintext attack is only O(n.(MN)^2), where n is the number of known/chosen plaintexts used. When the plaintext has a non-uniform distribution, the number of required plaintexts and the computational complexity is also discussed. Experiments are given to demonstrate the real performance of the known-plaintext attack for a typical permutation-only image cipher.

/pdf/a-general-quantitative-cryptanalysis-of-permutation-only-2ezytbm15l.pdf

A general quantitative cryptanalysis of permutation-only multimedia ciphers against plaintext attacks

Since several years, the protection of multimedia data is becoming very important The protection of this multimedia data can be done with encryption or data hiding algorithms To decrease the transmission time, the data compression is necessary Since few years, a new problem is trying to combine in a single step, compression, encryption and data hiding So far, few solutions have been proposed to combine image encryption and compression for example Nowadays, a new challenge consists to embed data in encrypted images Since the entropy of encrypted image is maximal, the embedding step, considered like noise, is not possible by using standard data hiding algorithms A new idea is to apply reversible data hiding algorithms on encrypted images by wishing to remove the embedded data before the image decryption Recent reversible data hiding methods have been proposed with high capacity, but these methods are not applicable on encrypted images In this paper we propose an analysis of the local standard deviation of the marked encrypted images in order to remove the embedded data during the decryption step We have applied our method on various images, and we show and analyze the obtained results

/pdf/a-reversible-data-hiding-method-for-encrypted-images-y3s3siurez.pdf

A Reversible Data Hiding Method for Encrypted Images

GENERAL ISSUES Protection of Multimedia Content in Distribution Networks A. M. Eskicioglu and E.J. Delp Vulnerability of Multimedia Protection Schemes M. F. Mansour and A.H. Tewfik MULTIMEDIA ENCRYPTION Fundamentals of Multimedia Encryption Techniques B. Furht, D. Socek, and A. M. Eskicioglu Chaos-Based Encryption for Digital Image and Video S. Li, G. Chen, and X. Zheng Key Management and Protection for IP Multimedia R. Blom, E. Carrara, F. Lindholm, K. Norrman, and M. Naslund Streaming Media Encryption H. Yu MULTIMEDIA WATERMARKING Survey of Multimedia Watermarking Techniques E. Muharemagic and B. Furht Robust Identification of Audio Using Watermarking and Fingerprinting J. Haitsma and T. Kalker High Capacity Real-Time Audio Watermarking with Perfect Correlation Sequence and Repeated Insertion S-C Pei, Y-F Hsu, and Y-W Lu Multidimensional Watermark for Still Image: Parallel Embedding and Detection Bo Hu Image Watermarking Method Resistant to Geometric Distortions H. Kim Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication E. Izquierdo New Trends and Challenges in Digital Watermark Technologies: Applications for Printed Materials Z. Liu Robust Watermark Detection from Quantized MPEG Video Data D. Simitopoulos, A. Briassouli, and M. G. Strintzis Image Watermarking Robust to Both Geometric Distortion and JPEG Compression X. Kang, J. Huang, and Y. Q. Shi Reversible Watermarks Using a Difference Expansion A.M. Alattar MULTIMEDIA DATA HIDING, FINGERPRINTING, AND AUTHENTICATION Lossless Data Hiding: Fundamentals, Algorithms and Applications Y. Q. Shi, G. Xuan, and W. Su Attacking Multimedia Protection Systems via Blind Pattern Matching D. Kirovski and J-L Dugelay Digital Media Fingerprinting: Techniques and Trends W. Luh and D. Kundur Scalable Image and Video Authentication D. Skraparlis Signature-Based Media Authentication Q. Sun and S-F Chang APPLICATIONS Digital Watermarking Framework: Applications, Parameters and Requirements K. Levy and T. Rodriguez Digital Rights Management for Consumer Devices J. Lotspiech Adult Image Filtering for Internet Safety H. Zheng, M. Daudi, C. Tombelle, and C. Djeraba Combined Indexing and Watermarking of 3D Models Using the Generalized 3D Radon Transforms P. Daras, D. Zarpalas, D. Tzovaras, D. Simitopoulos, and M. G.Strintzis Digital Rights Management Issues for Video S. Emmanuel and M. S. Kankanhalli

Multimedia Security Handbook

Visual Data Formats.- Cryptography Primer.- Application Scenarios for the Encryption of Visual Data.- Image and Video Encryption.- Conclusions.

Image and Video Encryption: From Digital Rights Management to Secured Personal Communication

Confidential storage and transmission of medical image data

Selective encryption provides the ability to strike a balance between security and processing demands, e.g., in mobile clients. Image encoding using wavelets, and especially wavelet packets, can be used for efficient selective encryption. We will show how two such methods work and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in terms of security and speed.

Andreas Pommer

Papers

Image and Video Encryption: From Digital Rights Management to Secured Personal Communication

Confidential storage and transmission of medical image data

Selective encryption of wavelet-packet encoded image data: efficiency and security

Image And Video Encryption: From Digital Rights Management To Secured Personal Communication (Advances in Information Security)

Selective encryption of wavelet packet subband structures for obscured transmission of visual data