People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures have distinct conceptions of individuality that insist on the fundamental relatedness of individuals to each other. The emphasis is on attending to others, fitting in, and harmonious interdependence with them. American culture neither assumes nor values such an overt connectedness among individuals. In contrast, individuals seek to maintain their independence from others by attending to the self and by discovering and expressing their unique inner attributes. As proposed herein, these construals are even more powerful than previously imagined. Theories of the self from both psychology and anthropology are integrated to define in detail the difference between a construal of the self as independent and a construal of the self as interdependent. Each of these divergent construals should have a set of specific consequences for cognition, emotion, and motivation; these consequences are proposed and relevant empirical literature is reviewed. Focusing on differences in self-construals enables apparently inconsistent empirical findings to be reconciled, and raises questions about what have been thought to be culture-free aspects of cognition, emotion, and motivation.

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Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.

We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.

The archaeology of knowledge

Note on Translation Introduction by Michael Holquist Response to a Question from the Novy Mir Editorial Staff The Bildungsroman and Its Significance in the History of Realism (Toward a Historical Typology of the Novel) The Problem of Speech Genres The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences: An Experiment in Philosophical Analysis From Notes Made in 1970-71 Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences Index

Speech Genres and Other Late Essays

In the first two volumes of this work, Paul Ricoeur examined the relations between time and narrative in historical writing, fiction, and theories of literature. This final volume, a comprehensive reexamination and synthesis of the ideas developed in volumes 1 and 2, stands as Ricoeur's most complete and satisfying presentation of his own philosophy.

Time and Narrative

Objective knowledge: an evolutionary approach

Indigenous psychologies : the anthropology of the self

Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice offers an introduction to the different theorists and schools of thought that have contributed to the development of contemporary social constructionist ideas, charting a course through the ideas that underpin the discipline From the New Science of Vico in the 18th century, through to Marxist writers, ethnomethodologists and Wittgenstein, ideas as to how socio-cultural processes provide the resources that make us human are traced to the present day Despite constructionists often being criticised as 'relativists', 'activists' and 'anti-establishment' and for making no concrete contributions, their ideas are now being adopted by practically-oriented disciplines such as management consultancy, advertising, therapy, education and nursing Andy Lock and Tom Strong aim to provoke a wider grasp of an alternative history and tradition that has developed alongside the one emphasised in traditional histories of the social sciences

Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice

The guided reinvention of language

Part I: Palaeoanthropology.1. Photogallery of Fossil Skulls.2. An Outline of Human Phylogeny. (Bernard Campbell)3. Evolutionary Trees of Apes and Humans From DNA Sequences. (Peter J. Waddell and David Penny)4. Evolution of The Human Brain. (Ralph Holloway)5. Evolution of The Hand and Bipedality. (Mary Marzke)Part II: Social and Socio-Cultural Systems.6. Primate Communication, Lies, and Ideas. (Alison Jolly)7. Social Relations, Human Ecology, and The Evolution of Culture: An Exploration of Concepts and Definitions. (Tim Ingold)8. Social Relations, Communication, and Cognition. (Andrew Lock and Kim Symes)9. On The Evolution of Human Socio-Cultural Patterns. (Randall White)10. The Evolution of Tools and Symbolic Behaviour. (Thomas Wynn)11. The Interpretation of European 'Palaeolithic Art': Magic, Mythogram, and Metaphors For Modernity. (Margaret Conkey)12. Photogallery of Contemporary Hunter-Gatherer Art: A. Australian Aboriginal Art. B. South African Bushman Art.Part III: Ontogeny and Symbolism.13. The Role of Ontogenesis in Human Evolution and Development. (Chris Sinha)14. The Ontogeny and Evolution of The Brain, Cognition, and Language. (Kathleen Gibson)15. Early Interaction and Cognitive Skills: Implications For The Acquisition of Culture. (David Messer and Glyn Collis)16. The Origins of Language and Thought in Early Childhood. (George Butterworth)17. Theories of Symbolization and Development. (Chris Sinha)18. Children's Drawings and The Evolution of Art. (J. Gavin Bremner)Part IV: Language Systems.19. Spoken Language and Sign Language. (Margaret Deuchar)20. A History of The Study of Language Origins and The Gestural Primacy Hypothesis. (Gordon W. Hewes)21. Cognitive Abilities in A Comparative Perspective. (Andrew Lock and Michael Colombo)22. Animal Language and Cognition Projects. (Carolyn Ristau)23. Symbols and Structures in Language Acquisition. (Carolyn Johnson, Henry Davis, and Marlys Macken)24. The Reconstruction of The Evolution of Human Spoken Language. (Mary Lecron Foster)25. Theoretical Stages in The Prehistory of Grammar. (Leonard Rolfe)26. Social and Cognitive Factors in The Historical Elaboration of Writing. (David Barton and Mary Hamilton)Part V: Epilogue.27. Tempo and Mode of Change in The Evolution of Symbolism (Charles Peters)Time Charts.Index.

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Handbook of human symbolic evolution

Foucault's analysis of unseen power as it operates in discourses that construct ‘practices of discipline’ and ‘technologies of the self’ has been a central conceptual resource in the development of narrative therapy. Narrative therapists take the view that ‘unseen’ aspects of power work to construct both how a person understands their situation, and how their relation to ‘the situation’ they find themselves in has been constructed through the discursive resources available to them. If the consequences of the operation of these discursive resources can be brought into view, then new resources may be mobilised to resist the problems that have been created by the ‘power’ of the discursive resources that are available in the status quo of people's cultural milieu. Narrative therapists work to disentangle the person from the problem, against the grain of the common constructions available in the resources of Occidental cultures that work to identify the person as ‘the problem’. This is demonstrated in...

Andrew Lock

Papers

Indigenous psychologies : the anthropology of the self

Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice

The guided reinvention of language

Handbook of human symbolic evolution

Resisting anorexia/bulimia: Foucauldian perspectives in narrative therapy