is one of the most recognizablecharacters in 20th century cinema. HAL is an artiﬁcial agent capable of such advancedlanguage behavior as speaking and understanding English, and at a crucial moment inthe plot, even reading lips. It is now clear that HAL’s creator, Arthur C. Clarke, wasa little optimistic in predicting when an artiﬁcial agent such as HAL would be avail-able. But just how far off was he? What would it take to create at least the language-relatedpartsofHAL?WecallprogramslikeHALthatconversewithhumansinnatural

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Speech and Language Processing

This second edition of "Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction" expands and improves upon a truly unique introductory syntax textbook. Like the first edition its focus is on the development of precisely formulated grammars whose empirical predictions can be directly tested. There is also considerable emphasis on the prediction and evaluation of grammatical hypotheses, as well as on integrating syntactic hypotheses with matters of semantic analysis. The book covers the core areas of English syntax from the last quarter century, including complementation, control, "raising constructions", passives, the auxiliary system, and the analysis of long distance dependency constructions. "Syntactic Theory's" step-by-step introduction to a consistent grammar in these core areas is complemented by extensive problem sets drawing from a variety of languages. The book's theoretical perspective is presented in the context of current models of language processing, and the practical value of the constraint-based, lexicalist grammatical architecture proposed has already been demonstrated in computer language processing applications. This thoroughly reworked second edition includes revised and extended problems sets, updated analyses, additional examples and more detailed exposition throughout.

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Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_58618_3/component/file_58619/Mak_2002_influence.pdf

The Influence of Animacy on Relative Clause Processing

This study focuses on the problems in teaching tenses to Turkish students at university level in Turkey. Some of the problematic and confusing tenses such as Past Simple and Present Perfect Tense, Present Continuous and Present Simple, Past Simple and Past Continuous Tense Teaching grammar have been handled throughout this study with the data obtained from the written exams of the learners. Most frequently occurred errors have been listed and they have been analyzed in detail. The findings reveal that the reasons for these errors mostly derive from mother tongue interference and lack of adequate linguistic background. The other component of this article is to offer remedial teaching activities for foreign language learners to compensate the shortcomings.

Theory and Practice in Language Studies

Research differs in a number of aspects but they do have some commonalities. Many facets are involved in conducting research. One very essential factor is collecting data. Data collection can be gathered from a number of sources, which include documents, the workplace, the Internet surveys, focus groups, field notes, questionnaires and taped social interaction or interviews. This article focuses on interviews as a method of data collection—namely structured interviews, semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews and non-directive interviews, and some of the ethical issues involved in conducting interviews.

Using interviews as research instruments

Preface 1. Principles and parameters 2. Categories and features 3. Syntactic structure 4. Empty categories 5. Checking 6. Head movement 7. Operator movement 8. A movement 9. VP shells 10. Agreement projections Glossary and list of abbreviations References Index.

Andrew Radford

Papers

Syntactic theory and the structure of English : a minimalistapproach