Starting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and continuing up to the present, Imagining the Balkans covers the Balkan's most formative years. From the down fall of the Ottoman Empire, through the turbulent nationalist years of the nineteenth century, up to World War I, the idea of the Balkans was fiercely, often violently, contested. In the wake of WWI, the beginnings of a tradition, largely enforced by academics, emerged stigmatizing the Balkans. Since then, the region has suffered from the neglect, abuse, and scant regard of both western Europe and the world. The result has been in many direct ways to compound the Balkan's poverty, internal violence, and lack of national self-image. A startling history of ideas, Imagining the Balkans provides a much needed exploration into a region too long neglected.

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Imagining the Balkans

Preface Introduction 1. Liberalism's rights-preferences couple 2. Beyond the rights-preferences couple 3. The form and outline of the argument Part I. The Nature of Needs: 4. Need categories 5. Vital needs 6. Particular social needs 7. Agency needs 8. The natures of needs: historical, normative, political Part II. The Formation and Interpretation of Needs: 9. Generation and legitimation 10. Normative power and the institution of private property 11. Perception and interpretation 12. Oppression and need 13. True interests 14. The concepts of true interest Part III. The Political Evaluation of Needs: 15. Freedom and rights: a critique of the concept of 'civil society' 16. Practices, institutions, and the evaluation of institutions 17. Roles: reclaiming the census 18. Practical reason and practical imperatives Part IV. The State of Needs: 19. The state 20. The modern state, coercion and power 21. The state as ultimate evaluator and guarantor for meeting needs 22. Need priority: practical not theoretical 23. Political participation: procedural and institutional proposals 24. Legitimacy and paternalism 25. States of needs Conclusion: What needs to be done? The case of South Africa Bibliography Index.

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The Political Philosophy of Needs

1. Introduction 2. Fear, interest and honor 3. The spirit and its expression 4. The ancient world 5. Medieval Europe 6. From Sun King to Revolution 7. Imperialism and World War I 8. World War II 9. Hitler to Bush and beyond 10. General findings and conclusions.

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A Cultural Theory of International Relations

Craig Calhoun, one of the most respected social scientists in the world, re-examines nationalism in light of post-1989 enthusiasm for globalization and the new anxieties of the twenty-first century. Nations Matter argues that pursuing a purely postnational politics is premature at best and possibly dangerous. 
Calhoun argues that, rather than wishing nationalism away, it is important to transform it. One key is to distinguish the ideology of nationalism as fixed and inherited identity from the development of public projects that continually remake the terms of national integration. Standard concepts like 'civic' vs. 'ethnic' nationalism can get in the way unless they are critically re-examined – as an important chapter in this book does. 
This book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, history, political theory and all subjects concerned with nationalism, globalization, and cosmopolitanism.

Nations Matter: Culture, History and the Cosmopolitan Dream

Nationalism has long excited debate in political, social and cultural theory and remains a key field of enquiry among historians, anthropologists, sociologists as well as political scientists. It is also one of the critical media issues of our time. There are, however, surprisingly few volumes that bring together the best of this intellectual diversity into one collection.

The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism

Part 1 Trends in Enlightenment thought: Catherine II and Enlightenment philosophy the emergence of Russian Enlightenment philosophy Nikolai Novikov and Freemasonry the aristocratic opposition. Part 2 The culmination of the Enlightenment in Russia - Aleksandr Radishchev: Radishchev's life Radishchev's social philosophy Radishchev's views on ethics and education radical reform or revolution? the treatise on immortality. Part 3 Gentry conservatives and gentry revolutionaries: Nikolai Karamzin the Decembrists. Part 4 Anti-Enlightenment trends in the early 19th century: mysticism the Wisdom-lovers and Russian Schellingianism. Part 5 Petr Chaadaev: Chaadaev's metaphysics and philosophy of history Russia's past and future Chaadaev's place in Russian intellectual history. Part 6 The Slavophiles: the Slavophiles' philosophy of history and social ideals the concept of the "integral personality" and "new principles in philosophy" Slavophile ecclesiology Slavophilism as conservative Utopianism the disintegration of Slavophilism. Part 7 The Russian Hegelians - from "reconciliation with reality" to "philosophy of action": Nikolai Stankevich Mikhail Bakunin Vissarion Belinsky Aleksandr Herzen. Part 8 Belinsky and different variants of westernism: Belinsky's westernism the liberal westernizers. Part 9 The Petrashevtsy: the social and political ideas of the Petrashevtsy the philosophical ideas of the Petrashevtsy. Part 10 The origins of "Russian socialism": the evolution of Herzen's views Nikolai Ogarev. Part 11 Nikolai Chernyshevsky and the "Enlighteners" of the sixties: Chernyshevsky's anthropological materialism Nikolai Dobroliubov and the dispute over the "superfluous men" Dmitry Pisarev and "nihilism" critics of the "Enlighteners" Apollon Grigoriev and Nikolai Strakhov. Part 12 Populist ideologies: from "go to the people" to the "people's will" Petr Lavrov Petr Tkachev Nikolai Mikhailovsky. Part 13 Anarchism: Mikhail Bakunin Petr Kropotkin. Part 14 Ideologies of reaction after the reforms: Nikolai Danilevsky Konstantin Pobedonostsev Konstantin Leontiev. Part 15 Two prophetic writers: Fyodor Dostoevsky Lev Tolstoy Dostoevsky and Tolstoy - a comparison. Part 16 Variants of positivism: dogmatic positivism Grigory Wyrouboff critical positivism - Vladimir Lesevich positivism and psychology positivism and sociology. Part 17 Vladimir Soloviev and metaphysical idealism: Soloviev's religious philosophy Aleksei Kozlov and pan-psychism Boris Chicherin and the Hegelians of the second half of the 19th century. Part 18 From populism to Marxism: between populism and Marxism Plekhanov and the "rational reality" Plekhanov's literary criticism and aesthetics legal populism legal Marxism Lenin's early writings. Index.

A History of Russian Thought from the Enlightenment to Marxism

The Slavophile Controversy: History of a Conservative Utopia in Nineteenth-century Russian Thought

A study of the origins, ideas, main events and principal characters in the Polish romantic nationalist movement between 1830 and 1863 which greatly influenced modern European nationalism. This text should be of interest to Slavists and historians of philosophical and social ideas.

Philosophy and Romantic Nationalism: The Case of Poland

1. Marx as philosopher of freedom 2. Engels and 'scientific socialism' 3. Variants of 'necessitarian' Marxism 4. Leninism: from 'scientific socialism' to totalitarian communism 5. From totalitarian communism to communist totalitarianism 6. The dismantling of Stalinism: detotalitarianism Notes Index of names.

Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom: The Rise and Fall of the Communist Utopia

Renowned historian Andrzej Walicki here challenges the conventional understanding of the rise of nationalism and the nation-building process in East-Central Europe. Arguing that the views advanced by Hans Kohn and others are marred by an inadequate knowledge of Polish history and thought, Walicki examines the emerging nationalism of the eighteenth century in a comparative perspective. He shows how Poland, the largest state in East-Central Europe, developed a modem national consciousness and, in fact, a political nationalism earlier and more successfully than has generally been acknowledged. Walicki presents his case by examining the main currents of Polish thought in the Enlightenment from Noble Republicanism to the development of the progressive constitution of May 3, 1791. A final chapter analyzes the ideas of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, the leader of the Polish uprising of 1794, showing him as an ideologist of "new republicanism" and a bridge between the Enlightenment and Romantic periods. This chapter will be of particular interest to readers familiar with Kosciuszko as a hero of the American Revolution.

Andrzej Walicki

Papers

A History of Russian Thought from the Enlightenment to Marxism

The Slavophile Controversy: History of a Conservative Utopia in Nineteenth-century Russian Thought

Philosophy and Romantic Nationalism: The Case of Poland

Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom: The Rise and Fall of the Communist Utopia

The Enlightenment and the birth of modern nationhood : Polish political thought from Noble Republicanism to Tadeusz Kosciuszko