DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors

Pediatric obesity results from a daily energy imbalance between intake and expenditure, an imbalance potentially as slight as ~30-50 kcal/day (e.g., a few extra sips of cola or bites of a cookie). That an 'energy gap' so small may be so powerful suggests the importance of understanding mechanisms of food intake self-regulation (FISR). This review focuses on 4 behavioral indices of FISR in childhood: (1) eating in the absence of hunger; (2) eating rate; (3) caloric compensation and satiety responsiveness, and (4) food responsiveness. Evidence from pediatric samples around the world indicates that these traits are associated with body mass index, are heritable, and are linked to polymorphisms in the FTO gene. We review these data, also discussing their relevance to practical issues of parental feeding styles, portion sizes, and health literacy and numeracy. Research gaps and opportunities for future investigation are discussed. Multidisciplinary approaches and study designs that can address gene-environment interactions are needed to advance the science of FISR and stimulate new avenues for childhood obesity prevention.

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Genetics of Food Intake Self-Regulation in Childhood: Literature Review and Research Opportunities

After decades of discovery, inherited variations have been identified in approximately 20 genes that affect about 80 medications and are actionable in the clinic. And some somatically acquired genetic variants direct the choice of 'targeted' anticancer drugs for individual patients. Current efforts that focus on the processes required to appropriately act on pharmacogenomic variability in the clinic are moving away from discovery and towards implementation of an evidenced-based strategy for improving the use of medications, thereby providing a cornerstone for precision medicine.

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Pharmacogenomics in the clinic

Unraveling the Mystery of Health

The abstract should provide a summary of the HiT in no more than 250 words The Box provides an example from the Philippines HiT, 2011 Philippines HiT abstract Consistent with its commitment to the Alma Ata in 1978, the Philippine Government adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach in 1979 to achieve health for all Filipinos by year 2000 The promulgation of the Local Development Code (RA 7160) in 1991 was in line with the community participation ideals of PHC (1992-1999) as it devolved responsibility for health care was devolved to Local Government Units The Health Sector Reform Agenda was introduced in 2005 to address problems in health care delivery at local level brought about by the devolution proves Issues of poor accessibility, inequities and inefficiencies of the health system have been the target of health reforms over the last 30 years Hospital, public health, financing, local health system and regulatory reforms comprised the HSRA approach In 2005, the DOH streamlined the reform program to ensure access and availability of essential and basic health packages by reducing the four reform areas, namely: 1) designating providers of basic and essential health service package in strategic locations; 2) assuring the quality of both basic and specialized health services; and 3) intensifying the current efforts to reduce the public health threats brought about by endemic, vaccine-preventable and priority diseases Although studies have yet to be done on the impact of reforming health service delivery, implementation of strategies to improve the hospital services and public health programs have shown some positive gains However, huge disparities in health outcomes across income groups and geographic areas and challenges in ascertaining physical and financial access to health services as evidenced by high out-of-pocket expenditures, concentration of physical and human resources for health in urban areas and migration of health professionals still exist The focus of future developments in health should be towards providing universal health care for Filipinos, starting with improving access of the poor and vulnerable to health services Source: APO, Philippines HiT Vol 1 No 2 2011

https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/231516/HiT-Estonia.pdf

Health systems in transition.

Evaluation of preventive technologies in Germany

In respect of Personalised Medicine, Big Data represents the vast and continuously growing amount of health information (including biomedical and environmental) and its usage to drive innovation in translational research and health outcomes tailored to the individual. Using these data to first understand the cause of disease, the medical profession can then develop new drugs and therapies to find the cure, as well as other health interventions targeting the individual. The personalised, individual approach requires advanced technologies and processes to collect, manage and analyse the information and, even more importantly, to contextualise it, integrate it, interpret it and provide rapid and precise decision support in a clinical and public health context.

European data-driven economy: A lighthouse initiative on Personalised Medicine

The challenge of integrating genomics into public health The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003. Expectations are high that new knowledge and technologies arising from the project will soon contribute to the improvement of individual and population health. Yet, approaches in public health have so far not broadly used molecular knowledge of individual genetic susceptibility for achieving their goals. However, in the past decade there has been increasing awareness that advances in genomics can be utilised in public health in the near future. It is our opinion that it is of major importance to start discussion of this option and its possible consequences early enough. This thematic issue starts from the premise that public health approaches can and should no longer ignore the advances made in genomics.We are seeing the emergence of the multidisciplinary field of public health genomics that deals with these opportunities and challenges. According to the statements of an expert group that discussed public health genomics concepts in Bellagio in 2005, public health genomics can be defined as:“The responsible and effective translation of genome-based knowledge and technologies for the benefit of population health (Bellagio Report).”

Public health genomics in Europe

Background: Recently, there has been a substantial increase in relevant genome-based technologies into market. Compared with its utilization in healthcare systems, we notice a huge gap. In order to address this bottleneck, we previously developed the Learning-Adapting-Leveling (LAL) model. Aim: In this article, we aim to demonstrate the overarching reach of the model for translation to market and implementation into healthcare systems moving towards personalized healthcare. Methods: We use qualitative logical reasoning with the LAL model as a reference. Results: We found that technology transfer, health needs assessment, health technology assessment and health impact assessment are justified for their inclusion. In addition, the public health wheel is justified as a good reference frame along with value of information. Conclusion: We conclude that as the LAL model covers all dimensions and tools for translation and implementation in a defined method; it can therefore be considered as the overarching frame...

The overarching framework of translation and integration into healthcare: a case for the LAL model.

Aim: In the light of common forms of gene–environment interplay, particularly epigenomics and ecogenetics, the incorporation of envirome data into public health genomics models becomes necessary. Developing and restructuring public health genomics models is essential within the context of common complex diseases. Materials & methods: We developed a novel theoretical model integrating a gene–environment interaction paradigm into public health genomics, which integrates four main sources of data: personal genome data, personal envirome data, molecular genetic/genomic evidence and environmental factors implicated in gene–environment interactions underlying common complex disease phenotypes. Collectively, this knowledge is fed into public health policy development. Results: This model is the first public health genomics model that incorporates gene–environment interactions within the context of common complex disorders, and is applied to behavioral conditions. Conclusion: Our model proposes, for the first tim...

Angela Brand

Papers

Evaluation of preventive technologies in Germany

European data-driven economy: A lighthouse initiative on Personalised Medicine

Public health genomics in Europe

The overarching framework of translation and integration into healthcare: a case for the LAL model.

A new public health genomics model for common complex diseases, with an application to common behavioral disorders