http://aoatools.aua.gr/pilotec/files/bibliography/Biofuels%20sources,%20biofuel%20policy,%20biofuel%20economy%20and%20global%20biofuel%20projections-1912165888/Biofuels%20sources,%20biofuel%20policy,%20biofuel%20economy%20and%20global%20biofuel%20projections.pdf

Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections

Anaerobic digestion of organic solid poultry slaughterhouse waste--a review.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) arises from the production of olive oil in olive mills. It is produced seasonally by a large number of small olive mills scattered throughout the olive oil-producing countries. OMW has a very high organic load, recalcitrant in nature and with a high amount of toxicity/phytotoxicity-associated compounds. Several physicochemical ,b iological and combined processes have been examined for the treatment of OMW, resulting in considerable organic load and toxicity abatement. Biological processes, aerobic and anaerobic, including anaerobic co-digestion with other effluents and composting, are predominant in the treatment of OMW. Advanced oxidation processes have attracted much attentio no wing to the strong oxidation potential of the agents used, which can result in a high degree of treatment. Recent research studies employing physical, chemical, biological and combined technologies are reviewed in the current work. ! 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Review Technologies for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment: a review

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) arises from the production of olive oil in olive mills. It is produced seasonally by a large number of small olive mills scattered throughout the olive oil-producing countries. OMW has a very high organic load, recalcitrant in nature and with a high amount of toxicity/phytotoxicity-associated compounds. Several physicochemical, biological and combined processes have been examined for the treatment of OMW, resulting in considerable organic load and toxicity abatement. Biological processes, aerobic and anaerobic, including anaerobic co-digestion with other effluents and composting, are predominant in the treatment of OMW. Advanced oxidation processes have attracted much attention owing to the strong oxidation potential of the agents used, which can result in a high degree of treatment. Recent research studies employing physical, chemical, biological and combined technologies are reviewed in the current work.

Technologies for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment: a review

The effective performance of electrocoagulation (EC) technique in the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) has been investigated using sacrificial aluminium electrodes. The optimum working pH was found to be in the range 4–6, allowing OMW to be treated directly without pH adjustment. In addition, it is found that an increase in the current enhanced the speed of the treatment significantly. However, simultaneous increase of electrode and energy consumption was observed. The optimum current density allowing the quickest treatment with a low cost was found to be 75 mA cm −2 . Therefore, a current density of 75 mA cm −2 was selected as an optimum that allows fast and low cost treatment. Application of electrocoagulation procedure permitted high removal efficiencies of pollutants with both fresh and stored olive mill wastewater. The process produces a removal capacity of 76% of COD, 91% of polyphenols and 95% of dark colour, just after 25 min. The electrode consumption was found to be 2.11 kg m −3 of treated OMW. The results show that electrocoagulation could be considered as an effective alternative solution for the treatment of OMW or may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve a high quality effluent water.

Decolourization and removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater by electrocoagulation

Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater using a combination sludge blanket and filter arrangement in a single reactor

A comparative kinetic study was carried out on the anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and OMW that was previously fermented with Geotrichum candidum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus terreus. The reactors used were continuously fed and contained sepiolite as support for the mediating bacteria. A kinetic model for multicomponent substrate removal by anaerobic digestion has been used. The model is based on the linear removal concept which is a special case of the broader Monod equation. The second-order kinetic constant, k2(s), was found to be influenced by the pretreatment carried out, and was 4.2, 4.0 and 2.5 times higher for Aspergillus, Azotobacter and Geotrichum-pretreated OMWs than that obtained in the anaerobic digestion of untreated OMW. This was significant at 95% confidence level. This behaviour is believed to be due to the lower levels of phenolic compounds and biotoxicity present in the pretreated OMWs. In fact, the kinetic constant increased when the phenolic compound content and biotoxicity of the pretreated OMWs decreased. In addition, the macroenergetic parameters of the anaerobic digestion of OMW, i.e. the specific rate of substrate uptake for cell maintenance, m, and the yield coefficient for the biomass, Y, decreased by a factor of 2.4, 3.6 and 5.1 and increased by a factor of 1.9, 2.2 and 2.4 respectively, for the OMWs previously treated with Geotrichum candidum, Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus terreus in relation to the observed values for the untreated OMW.

Comparative effect of different aerobic pretreatments on the kinetics and macroenergetic parameters of anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in continuous mode

A study of the anaerobic digestion process of wastewaters from the washing of olives prior to the oil production process was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor with sepiolite immobilised biomass at 35°G. The bioreactor worked satisfactorily using Influent COD concentrations of 4.5,3.5,2.5 and 1.5 g COD/I for a hydraulic retention time (HRT) range of 4.5 to 1,25 days. COD removal efficiencies in the range 50-90% were achieved in the reactor, when evaluated at organic loading rates of between 0.46 and 2.25 g COD/I day using the highest influent substrate concentration (S o = 4.5 g COD/I). COD and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were Increased In parallel with the increase of organic loading rate in the reactor, VFA concentration showing a maximum value of 1.55 g acetic acid/I at the most unfavourable case studied (S o = 4,5 g COD/I and HRT = 1.25 days). The increase in effluent VFA concentrations was always counteracted by the high alkalinity values (3440-4670 mg CaCO 3 /l) which brought about the high stability of the process and values of the alkalinity/VFA ratio lower than 0.3-0.5, except for the above-mentioned case, limit value over which the anaerobic process is destabilized. The yield coefficient of methane production was 0.281 methane STP/g COD removed.

/pdf/influencia-de-la-velocidad-de-carga-organica-sobre-el-4fmw7kdchu.pdf

Influencia de la velocidad de carga orgánica sobre el proceso de digestión anaerobia de aguas de lavado de aceitunas de almazara en reactores de lecho fluidizado

/pdf/origin-and-environmental-significance-of-organic-deposits-in-w054nf82ue.pdf

Origin and environmental significance of organic deposits in aquatic sediments

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/39984/3/1996-GONZALEZ-VILA-Aquaculture-144-121.pdf

Changes in the physico-chemical characteristics and lipid composition in sediments from productive aquaculture ponds after a short-term shrimp growth experiment

Angela Mancha

Papers

Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater using a combination sludge blanket and filter arrangement in a single reactor

Comparative effect of different aerobic pretreatments on the kinetics and macroenergetic parameters of anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in continuous mode

Influencia de la velocidad de carga orgánica sobre el proceso de digestión anaerobia de aguas de lavado de aceitunas de almazara en reactores de lecho fluidizado

Origin and environmental significance of organic deposits in aquatic sediments

Changes in the physico-chemical characteristics and lipid composition in sediments from productive aquaculture ponds after a short-term shrimp growth experiment