The activities of several enzyme systems of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage worm Pieris rapae L. treated with toosendanin, a botanical material from the bark of chinaberry (Melia too-sendan and M. azedarach), were investigated. The results indicated that the activities of ace-tylcholinesterase, α and β-amylase and lipase did not show obvious changes. But the activity of mixed-function oxidases in the midgut of the larvae was decreased by 50% after 48 hr feeding with toosendanin. The activities of esterases in Kemolymph did not change but marked decrease was found in the midgut. Thus the detoxicification enzyme systems in the midgut was inhibited and further toxic reaction of toosendanin could take place. In addition, the activity of proteinase in midgut was also inhibited after feeding or injecting with toosendanin into the hemococle.

Effects of toosendanin on several enzyme systems of the cabbage worm fieris rapae l.

The effect of different concentrations (mass/volume) of ethyl acetate extract from leaves and twigs of Trichilia pallida on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The activity of this extract was investigated by dipping corn leaves in solutions with extract concentrations of 0.0001%; 0.0008%; 0.006%; 0.05%; 0.4% and 3%, and offered to just-born and 10-day old larvae. The evaluated parameters were length and viability of larval and pupal stages. The estimated letal concentration LC50 for seven-day old larvae was 0.048%. Based on the results, it was concluded that 100% of larval mortality was achieved at concentrations equal or higher than 0.05%; the survival and development of S. frugiperda was affected at concentrations of 0.006% and no effect was observed at concentrations equal or lower than 0.0008%; the extract was more effective when treated leaves were offered to just-born larvae than to 10-day old larvae.

http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/bitstream/REPOSIP/107078/1/2-s2.0-0033831882.pdf

Effect Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Trichilia Pallida Swartz (meliaceae) On Development And Survival Of Fall Army Worm [efeito Do Extrato Acetato De Etila De Trichilia Pallida Swartz (meliaceae) No Desenvolvimento E Sobrevivencia Da Lagarta-do-cartucho]

Search for Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C.DC. and Toona ciliata M. Roemer compounds with bioactivity on Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of fractions (in hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic) of ethanolic extracts of Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C.DC. and Toona ciliata M. Roemer to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith ), and to isolate, identify and evaluate the effect of the compounds from the three Meliaceae on the larvae development and metabolism, with emphasis on the cedrelone limonoid. The fractions caused low mortality, but there was a great reduction in weight of larvae with dichloromethane leaves and stems fractions of T. pallida, stems of T. pallens and leaves and fruits of T. ciliata, in addition to longer duration of the larval stage, pupae weight reduction and changes on nutritional indices. The fraction of T. pallida stems caused the highest toxic effects and secondary phagodeterence, and the fraction of T. ciliata leaves showed probably primary phagodeterrence, but no toxic effect. From the dichloromethane fraction of T. ciliata fruits was obtained a triglyceride (unidentified), from the ethyl acetate fraction of T. ciliata stems was obtained the flavonoid (+/-)-catechin, from the hexane fraction of T. pallida leaves was obtained the triterpene dammaradienol and from the dichloromethane fraction of T. pallens stems was obtained the coumarin scopoletin. Scopoletin and triglyceride caused low mortality and larval weight reduction after ingestion, catechin caused only larval weight reduction. Scopoletin either affect survival by contact. The limonoid cedrelone, isolated from the crude hexane extract of stems of T. ciliata, was the most effective compound, either by ingestion or by contact. After ingestion, the estimated LC50, LC90 and EC50 values for cedrelone applied onto the diet were 365.33, 659.62 and 95,02 ppm, respectively, and after diet incorporation, the values were119.05, 491.14 and 45.13 ppm, respectively. Cedrelone caused feeding deterrence on choice test and reduced leaf consumption in the no-choice test. Cedrelone intake caused low weight gain by larvae and pupae, increased mortality and duration of larval stage in a dose-dependent manner, with sublethal effects observed at 24 ppm. Fourth instar larvae that ingested diet containing 300 ppm cedrelone showed reduced efficiency conversion of ingested (ECI) and digested food (ECD), reduced relative growth rate (RGR), increased metabolic cost (MC), relative metabolic rate (RMR) and approximatte digestibility (AD), but no change in relative consumption rate (RCR), suggesting toxic effects post ingestion and secondary phagodeterrence, in which most of the assimilated food was used in metabolism. The protease activity in the midgut of the larvae that ingested diet containing 300 ppm of cedrelone was reduced, as well the amount of heme groups related to cytochrome P450 monoxygenases in the midgut, but there was no change in the glutathione S-transferases activity. , There was an increase of acetylcholinesterase activity in the larvae bodies. Cedrelone bioactivity and the possible modes of action are discussed.

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Busca por compostos de Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C. DC. e Toona ciliata M. Roemer com bioatividade sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)

Angelina Maria Marcomini Giongo

Papers

Busca por compostos de Trichilia pallida Swartz, Trichilia pallens C. DC. e Toona ciliata M. Roemer com bioatividade sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)