Previous studies have shown that diabetic foot ulcers are principally associated with improper foot self-care. Since appropriate foot self-care is essential to prevent diabetic foot-ulcers, any factors which can predict foot self-care behavior should be identified. However, until now, foot self-care behavior data and predictors of foot-care behavior in Indonesia remain unclear since such studies on Indonesian diabetic patients is very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate foot self-care behavior and to identify its predictors in Indonesia. The design of this study was cross-sectional. Cluster sampling was used, involving 546 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients registered in 22 primary healthcare centers. The questionnaires used in this study included the Diabetes Distress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II, Family APGAR, Foot-Care Knowledge and Modified Diabetic Foot Care Behaviors. Foot self-care behavior and knowledge about foot care were poor. The predictors of foot self-care behavior were age, educational level, diabetes distress, family support, and knowledge. It needs the program to improve foot self-care knowledge and the program to reduce the diabetes distress in Indonesian diabetic patients. In performing of these programs, families should be involved to improve the support toward foot self-care behavior in patients.

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Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia

Diabetic ulcers are one of the complications that often occur in patients with DM. The aim is to develop a behaviour model for diabetic ulcer prevention by integrating Lawrance Green Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. An explanative observational design was used with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of DM patients who had underwent treatment at the internal medicine clinic of Sidoarjo District Hospital. The sample size of 133 respondents was obtained through purposive sampling. The data analysis used Partial Least Square. Predisposing factors (knowledge), supporting factors (availability of health facilities and accessibility of health resources) and driving factors (the role of health workers and family support) significantly influence the main factors (attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms and perceptions of self-control) with a statistical T value>1.96. The main factor influences intention (T = 48.650) and intention influences behaviour (T = 4.891). Intention is influenced by the attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms and self-control perceptions. Good intentions can increase the preventive behaviour related to diabetic ulcers. Increasing the diabetic ulcer prevention behaviour can be done by providing regular education to both the patients and their families about diabetic ulcers and their prevention through the appropriate management of DM, lifestyle modification and regular foot care that requires active involvement from the family and health care workers.

Behaviour model for diabetic ulcer prevention.

An estimation of diabetes foot self-care based on validated scores: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSI'RACP The objective of this study was to 1) study the behavior differences between hgh risk toward diabetes type I1 patients who attended and who did not attend the 'Change in Health Behavior' Camping Program 2) study the effect of the interventions on physiological parameters (BMI and waist derences). It was a quasi-expimental research in nature. The sample groups in thls research were those with high risk toward diabetes type I1 patients who had more than 6 scores. The sample groups were between 40-59 years of age, resided in Mueang district, Roi Et province. Voluntary method was used to recruit the sample groups h m 2 Tambons. The experimental group consisted of 30 samples who wae recruited to attend the mentioned camping p r o p . On the other than, another 30 samples of the comparison group k v e d only brcchures, thus; a total of 60 samples was in compliance with the mguhtions. The results indicated that in the postexpximent, the mean of waist circumference, knowledge and health behaviors between the expimental and the comparison groups were different with statistical si@cance at the level of 0.05. Within the experimental group, the mean of waist circumference, body mass index 0, knowleds, and health behaviors were Merent both in the preand post-camping with statistical si@cance at the level of 0.05. On the other hand, the comparison group had the mean of knowledge during the preand post of the receipt of brochures with statistical sigmficance at the level of 0.05. Consequently, the use of camping program on Change in Health Behavior' by applying the group process and empowerment of related activities while in the mmping program are proper for health promotion behaviors as well as for the reduction of risk factors toward dmbetes mellitus type I1 among general population and other hgh-risk groups. The success of the program through trajning practice on obesity assessment , learning through group activity , skill buildmg-up for menu arrangement for daily energy use, exercise fmining, delivery of commitment to health promotion peer group promoting healthy behaviors among colleagues. With an application of the program, it can prove to be both bendcial and appropriate to the community in the reduction of risk factors toward diabetes me!.litus whose iUness which is a vital problem to Thailand.

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Model for behavioral change in high risk toward diabetes type II patients by camping, Mueang district, Roi Et province, Thailand

Background and aims Diabetes is one of the most critical diseases particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Various diabetes approaches have been well conducted to prevent complications. However, little has been discussed in association with the achievement of self- and family management support programs in Indonesia. Thus, the objective of the umbrella review is to evaluate the implementation of the self- and family management support programs among Indonesian with diabetes. Method To guide this review, the revised self- and family management framework developed by Grey, Schulman-Green, Knafl, and Reynolds (2015) was used. A literature search was conducted via online databases including Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, SAGE, EBSCO, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria were diabetes studies related to self- and family management in Indonesia; articles published from 2000 to 2019; quantitative, qualitative, and review studies; used humans as research subjects; and English articles were prioritized. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were studies not addressing the nature of self- and family management in Indonesia, laboratory-based research using human cell and study protocol. Results A total of 78 studies were involved in the final analysis. The facilitators and barriers, process, and outcomes (distal and proximal) were presented. The results indicated that the implementation of the self- and family management process generated favorable outcomes for the diabetes population in Indonesia. Conclusions The self- and family management support program is a promising strategy to improve the facilitators and overcome the barriers to diabetes care. Patients, families, diabetes nurses, and health policymakers are recommended to work in tandem to achieve successful diabetes care, particularly in the community.

The nursing outlook of the self- and family management support programs among Indonesian with diabetes: An umbrella review.

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a foot care (FC) camp to enhance diabetic foot care knowledge (DFCK) and diabetic foot care behaviours (DFCB) among diabetic participant...

Angger Anugerah Hadi Sulistyo

Papers

The effect of a foot care camp on diabetic foot care knowledge and the behaviours of individuals with diabetes mellitus.