Knowledge is a broad and abstract notion that has defined epistemological debate in western philosophy since the classical Greek era. In the past few years, however, there has been a growing interest in treating knowledge as a significant organizational resource. Consistent with the interest in organizational knowledge and knowledge management (KM), IS researchers have begun promoting a class of information systems, referred to as knowledge management systems (KMS). The objective of KMS is to support creation, transfer, and application of knowledge in organizations. Knowledge and knowledge management are complex and multi-faceted concepts. Thus, effective development and implementation of KMS requires a foundation in several rich literatures.

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Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues

This paper draws on the social and behavioral sciences in an endeavor to specify the nature and microfoundations of the capabilities necessary to sustain superior enterprise performance in an open economy with rapid innovation and globally dispersed sources of invention, innovation, and manufacturing capability. Dynamic capabilities enable business enterprises to create, deploy, and protect the intangible assets that support superior long- run business performance. The microfoundations of dynamic capabilities—the distinct skills, processes, procedures, organizational structures, decision rules, and disciplines—which undergird enterprise-level sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capacities are difficult to develop and deploy. Enterprises with strong dynamic capabilities are intensely entrepreneurial. They not only adapt to business ecosystems, but also shape them through innovation and through collaboration with other enterprises, entities, and institutions. The framework advanced can help scholars understand the foundations of long-run enterprise success while helping managers delineate relevant strategic considerations and the priorities they must adopt to enhance enterprise performance and escape the zero profit tendency associated with operating in markets open to global competition. Copyright  2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance

The primary purpose of this article is to clarify the nature of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct and to propose a contingency framework for investigating the relationship between EO and firm performance. We first explore and refine the dimensions of EO and discuss the usefulness of viewing a firm's EO as a multidimensional construct. Then, drawing on examples from the EO-related contingencies literature, we suggest alternative models (moderating effects, mediating effects, independent effects, interaction effects) for testing the EO-performance relationship.

Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance

This article applies the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes. The article offers a typology of strategic responses that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation. Ten institutional factors are hypothesized to predict the occurrence of the alternative proposed strategies and the degree of organizational conformity or resistance to institutional pressures.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/258610.pdf

Strategic responses to institutional processes

This paper reports the results of a study designed to investigate the effective strategic responses to environmental hostility among small manufacturing firms. Data on environmental hostility, organization structure, strategic posture, competitive tactics, and financial performance were collected from 161 small manufacturers. Findings indicate that performance among small firms in hostile environments was positively related to an organic structure, an entrepreneurial strategic posture, and a competitive profile characterized by a long-term orientation, high product prices, and a concern for predicting industry trends. In benign environments, on the other hand, performance was positively related to a mechanistic structure, a conservative strategic posture, and a competitive profile characterized by conservative financial management and a short-term financial orientation, an emphasis on product refinement, and a willingness to rely heavily on single customers.

Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments

Endpoints in a network environment include remote file systems mounted thereto that reference a file system generator that responds to file system commands with deception data. Requests to list the contents of a directory are intercepted, such as while a response is passed up through an IO stack. The response is modified to include references to deception files and directories that do not actually exist on the system hosting the file system generator. The number of the deception files and directories may be randomly selected. Requests to read deception files are answered by generating a file having a file type corresponding to the deception file. Deception files may be written back to the system by an attacker and then deleted.

Ransomware mitigation system

Triticum dicoccoides, the immediate tetraploid progenitor of durum (T. durum) and bread wheat (T. aestivum) is known to endure harsh environmental conditions. The present study was aimed at exploring the responsiveness of Triticum dicoccoides accessions to early vegetative stage water deficit stress. Relative water content (RWC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated from the leaves of field-grown rain-fed plants. Significant genotypic variation was observed in wild accessions along with cultivated durum PDW 291 and bread wheat PBW 621 included in the set. The relative water content ranged from 75.50% (acc 7054) to 83.78% (acc 5251). The average content of malondialdehyde was recorded as 30.85 nmole g−1 FW. Fourteen of the twenty-six T. dicoccoides accessions accumulated MDA less than the cultivated wheats. Overall, T. dicoccoides accessions 4655, 4667, 5251, 7054, 7079 and 14004 may be shortlisted to identify distinct allelic variants/stress-responsive loci for subsequent deployment in the wheat breeding program. 

Relative water content and malondialdehyde as physio-biochemical indicators for evaluating water deficit tolerance of Triticum dicoccoides, tetraploid progenitor of wheat

Peer-to-Peer accommodation (P2PA) has drastically transformed the traditional form of tourism and has become a worldwide phenomenon. There are few studies that have investigated the determinants of participation in peer-based accommodation from the residents' perspective. This study fills this gap by identifying the factors that influence residents' intention to become P2PA hosts based on Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) theory. Adopting a quantitative approach, a pan-India survey was conducted to collect 230 valid responses. For analysis, both convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs using PLS-SEM was examined, along with the reliability of all the measurement scales. Empirical evidence validates that extrinsic motivation (economic benefits) does not have a direct impact whereas intrinsic motivation (social relationships); opportunity, ability, and trust have a significant impact on residents' intentions to host. Finally, the paper recommends strategies for the policymakers and platform service providers to encourage residents to take up hosting to foster sustainable consumption and build relationships with tourists.

It's Not Just About Money in Peer-To-Peer Accommodation

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important climatic factor, and stakeholders like farmers, engineers, and scientists apply it in water resources management, crop water needs, and the analysis of the climatic condition. In this study, the potential of three variants of the k-nearest neighbour algorithm, namely k-nearest neighbour regression (KNNR), fuzzy k-nearest neighbour regression (FKNNR), and kmeans-k-nearest neighbour regression (KM-KNNR) is assessed with climatic information of New Delhi, India, which is located in the northern part of India and its climate lies in between humid subtropical and semi-arid. Simulated outcomes of these variants are compared and calibrated against the worldwide accepted FAO-PM56 method. The empirical results of this study show the remarkable performance of the KNNR and FKNNR with R2 = 0.99 each, whereas the KM-KNNR exhibits insignificant performance even on optimal clusters obtained from the Elbow heuristic method. However, this study demonstrates empirically that similar performance can be achieved by KM-KNNR if more clusters are formed. This study finds that these variants have the potential to estimate the ETo accurately and can be useful tools for stakeholders.

Anil K. Gupta

Papers

Ransomware mitigation system

Relative water content and malondialdehyde as physio-biochemical indicators for evaluating water deficit tolerance of Triticum dicoccoides, tetraploid progenitor of wheat

It's Not Just About Money in Peer-To-Peer Accommodation

Modeling and Prediction of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) using Variants of K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm