This Perspective explores and explains the fundamental dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours and answers two central questions: ‘how many nanoparticles accumulate in a tumour?’ and ‘how does this number affect the clinical translation of nanomedicines?’

/pdf/analysis-of-nanoparticle-delivery-to-tumours-kovi4y80u2.pdf

Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/63157/4/Gomez-Guillen-collagenreview_CSIC.pdf

Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

Nanocarriers offer unique possibilities to overcome cellular barriers in order to improve the delivery of various drugs and drug candidates, including the promising therapeutic biomacromolecules (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins). There are various mechanisms of nanocarrier cell internalization that are dramatically influenced by nanoparticles' physicochemical properties. Depending on the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, different pharmacological applications may be considered. This review will discuss these opportunities, starting with the phagocytosis pathway, which, being increasingly well characterized and understood, has allowed several successes in the treatment of certain cancers and infectious diseases. On the other hand, the non-phagocytic pathways encompass various complicated mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, which are more challenging to control for pharmaceutical drug delivery applications. Nevertheless, various strategies are being actively investigated in order to tailor nanocarriers able to deliver anticancer agents, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides for therapeutic applications by these non-phagocytic routes.

Nanocarriers’ entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery

Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/pn89d8543

Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities.

In our effort directed toward the discovery of novel potent anticancer agents, a large library of novel 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines (23-58) with heterocyclic ring at 4, position of aryl group has been synthesized through Hantzsch synthesis. These synthesized hybrids have been well characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines viz. EAC, HEK, and MCF cell lines by MTT assay. The cytotoxic activity has been revealed by the effects of various types of substituent present on the dihydropyridine ring. All the synthetics (23-58) have shown good potency against EAC cell line. However, compounds 36, 40, 42, and 54 have displayed significant inhibitory potential against both EAC and MCF-7 cell lines. In addition, these promising analogues have been selected for their molecular docking studies against 5TVQ protein to know the binding affinity which was identified to be a plausible target site. Compound 42 has exerted the highest inhibition effect on cancerous cells and more potency than the reference drug, doxorubicin even at low concentration (1μg/ml) and showed non-toxicity to human normal cells suggesting high safety to normal cells. Compound 42 has also shown the highest docking score and inhibition constant which could be regarded as convincing lead for further clinical pursuit. 

Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Potent Anticancer Agent and Their
 In‐Silico Studies

Cytotoxicity studies of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots on various cancer cell lines

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae under the natural orders Scitaminae. Its native of South East Asia and chromosome number is 2n = 32. The karyomorphological studies concluded that the species seems to be allotetraploid with basic chromosome number of X = 8 (Sato, 1960). It is cultivated for its underground stem called as rhizomes, which are used for medicinal and culinary purpose and also as a cosmetic and a natural dye. It is grown in an area of 233 thousand hectares with an average of annual production of 1190 thousand tones.

/pdf/studies-on-genetic-variability-hertability-and-genetic-50d4o030bm.pdf

Studies on Genetic Variability, Hertability and Genetic Advance in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Novel 1-Triazolylpyranopyrazoles as Highly Potent Anticancer Agents Obtained via MW-Assisted Synthesis

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine owing to their versatile functions at the nanoscale, which facilitates targeted delivery, high contrast imaging, and on-demand therapy. Some biomedical inadequacies of IONPs on their own, such as the poor resolution of IONP-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), can be overcome by co-incorporating optical probes onto them, which can be either molecule- or nanoparticulate-based. Optical probe incorporated IONPs, together with two prominent non-ionizing radiation sources (i.e., magnetic field and light), enable a myriad of biomedical applications from early detection to targeted treatment of various diseases. In this context, many research articles are in the public domain on magneto-optical nanoparticles; discussed in detail are fabrication strategies for their application in the biomedical field; however, lacking is a comprehensive review on real-life applications in vivo, their toxicity, and the prospect of bench-to-bedside clinical studies. Therefore, in this review, we focused on selecting such important nanocomposites where IONPs become the magnetic component, conjugated with various types of optical probes; we clearly classified them into class 1 to class 6 categories and present only in vivo studies. In addition, we briefly discuss the potential toxicity of such nanocomposites and their respective challenges for clinical translations.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/3/288/pdf

Anita Kamra Verma

Papers

Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Potent Anticancer Agent and Their In‐Silico Studies

Cytotoxicity studies of II-VI semiconductor quantum dots on various cancer cell lines

Studies on Genetic Variability, Hertability and Genetic Advance in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Novel 1-Triazolylpyranopyrazoles as Highly Potent Anticancer Agents Obtained via MW-Assisted Synthesis

Iron Oxide-Based Magneto-Optical Nanocomposites for In Vivo Biomedical Applications.