Based on the adsorption mechanism analysis of polyhydroxy organic compound on a shale surface, a novel polyhydroxy organic amine shale hydration inhibitor N, N, N′, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine (THEED) was synthesized via a nucleophilic reaction by using diethanolamine and dibromoethane as raw materials. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The inhibition performance of THEED was studied by a shale rolling recovery experiment, a linear expansion experiment and the particle size distribution experiment. Results showed the shale rolling recovery rate in 2.0 wt % THEED solutions was up to 89.6% at the rolling condition of 100 °C × 16 h, and the linear expansion height of artificial shale core in 2.0 wt % THEED solutions was just 4.74 mm after 16 h. The average particle size of Na-bentonite (Na-MMT) in fresh water was 8.05 μm, and it was observed that the average particle size has been increased to 124 μm in 2.0 wt % THEED solutions. The shale hydration inhibition mechanism of the novel inhibitor THEED was analyzed by FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), we concluded that the nice shale hydration inhibition performance of THEED was achieved by means of intercalation and adsorption onto the surface of shale. The superior shale hydration inhibition property makes THEED promising in maintaining wellbore stability in drilling engineering.

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Synthesis, Property and Mechanism Analysis of a Novel Polyhydroxy Organic Amine Shale Hydration Inhibitor

As(V) Sorption From Aqueous Solutions Using Quaternized algal/polyethyleneimine Composite Beads

Surfactant-modified clay minerals are known for their good sorption properties of both organic and inorganic compounds from aqueous solutions. However, the current knowledge regarding the effect of both cationic and nonionic surfactants on the properties of bentonite is still insufficient. Bentonite, with montmorillonite as the base clay, was modified with hexadecethyltrimethylammonium bromide (a cationic surfactant) in the amount of 1.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of bentonite and varying concentrations of t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant). We aimed to improve the understanding of the effect of nonionic and cationic surfactants on clay minerals. The modified bentonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area and pore volume (BET). According to our results, the presence of a cationic surfactant significantly increased the amount of the adsorbed nonionic surfactant. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of nonionic surfactants is also associated with an increase in the effectiveness of the modification process. Our results indicate that the amount of nonionic surfactant used has a significant effect on the properties of the obtained hybrid material. Modification of bentonite with a nonionic surfactant did not cause an expansion of the interlayer space of smectite, regardless of the presence of a cationic surfactant. The modification process was found to significantly decrease the specific surface area of bentonite. Improvement of hydrophobic properties and thermal stability was also observed.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/22/3772/pdf

Modification of Bentonite with Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants: Structural and Textural Features.

Novel ball-milled biochar-vermiculite nanocomposites effectively adsorb aqueous As(V)

An important goal in environmental research for industrial activity and sites is the investigation and development of effective adsorbents for chemical pollutants that are widespread, inexpensive, unharmful to the environment, and have the required adsorption selectivity. Organoclays are adsorption materials that can be obtained by modifying clays and clay minerals with various organic compounds through intercalation and surface grafting. Organoclays have important practical applications as adsorbents of a wide range of organic pollutants and some inorganic contaminants. The traditional raw materials for the synthesis of organoclays are phyllosilicates with the expanding structural cell of the smectite group, such as montmorillonite. Moreover, other phyllosilicates and inosilicates are used to synthesize organoclay to a limited extent. The purpose of this review was to analyze the possibility of using minerals of other groups with different abilities to expand the structure and structural charge for the adsorption of chemical environmental pollutants. The structural characteristics of various groups of phyllosilicates and chain minerals that affect their ability to modify organic surfactants and the adsorption properties of prepared organoclays were reviewed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/707/pdf

The Synthesis of Organoclays Based on Clay Minerals with Different Structural Expansion Capacities

Among the various technologies tested for removing the anionic species resulting from arsenic contamination, sorption methods have received unflagging interest. Being potential sorbent materials, clay minerals modified by cationic surfactants are often examined for this purpose. Among the clay minerals tested, information regarding sorption properties of expanded vermiculite modified with surfactants is scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to prepare organo-vermiculites modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium (HDBA) at surfactant concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cation exchange capacity. Modified sorbents were identified and characterized using the analytical methods that can determine phase composition and textural properties of the samples. The sorption of As(III) and As(V) as a function of initial pH value, initial concentration of As(III, V), and initial dosage of sorbent was investigated. The results show that HDTMA and HDBA affect the properties of raw vermiculite. For instance, increase in the concentration of surfactants is often accompanied by a change in interlayer space or textural properties of vermiculite. It was observed that tested organo-minerals adsorbed As(V) to a greater extent compared to As(III). Various analytical studies were carried out and the results revealed the successful synthesis of organo-vermiculite. Moreover, the study also showed that the structure of organo-vermiculite has a significant impact on the uptake of As(III) and As(V) anions.

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Anita Kościelniak

Papers

Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds