Portable electrochemical sensing methodologies for on-site detection of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables

Background Synthetic chemical pesticides play a significant role in increasing the overall yield and productivity of agricultural foods by controlling and eradicating pests, insects, and numerous plant-related diseases. The over-spraying of pesticides onto crops has escalated pesticide contamination of food products and water bodies, as well as disturbing ecological and environmental systems. In this regard, developing simple, low-cost, and rapid-sensing strategies and portable devices for the precise, efficient, rapid, and on-site detection of pesticide residues in agricultural fields is indeed necessary and urgently required for the wellbeing and safety of mankind and other species. Scope and approach In this review, we make a comprehensive study of the up-to-date state-of-the-art research progress on the on-site sensing strategies and portable devices for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods using paper-, liquid-, and gel-based optical-sensing techniques. Moreover, we delineate the detailed on-site detection mechanism and sensing behavior of the aforementioned strategies and discuss the challenges and future perspectives associated with the development of optical techniques. Key findings and conclusions Recent scientific and technological studies on optical sensors such as fluorescence sensors, target-responsive hydrogels, chemiluminescence assay, tube enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzymatic fiber-optic biosensor, phosphorescence, lateral flow immunoassay, double-signal fluorescence strategy, wearable glove-based sensors, and paper-based sensors have made novel advancements and brought scientific insight for the on-site detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods. This review provides significant insights and future perspectives that might serve as the basis for the fabrication of novel optical sensors with applicability in various fields.

Advances in optical-sensing strategies for the on-site detection of pesticides in agricultural foods

Synthetic chemical pesticides play a significant role in increasing the overall yield and productivity of agricultural foods by controlling and eradicating pests, insects, and numerous plant-related diseases. The over-spraying of pesticides onto crops has escalated pesticide contamination of food products and water bodies, as well as disturbing ecological and environmental systems. In this regard, developing simple, low-cost, and rapid-sensing strategies and portable devices for the precise, efficient, rapid, and on-site detection of pesticide residues in agricultural fields is indeed necessary and urgently required for the wellbeing and safety of mankind and other species. In this review, we make a comprehensive study of the up-to-date state-of-the-art research progress on the on-site sensing strategies and portable devices for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods using paper-, liquid-, and gel-based optical-sensing techniques. Moreover, we delineate the detailed on-site detection mechanism and sensing behavior of the aforementioned strategies and discuss the challenges and future perspectives associated with the development of optical techniques. Recent scientific and technological studies based on optical sensing strategies such as fluorescence sensors, target-responsive hydrogels, chemiluminescence assay, tube enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzymatic fiber-optic biosensor, phosphorescence, lateral flow immunoassay, double-signal fluorescence strategy, wearable glove-based sensors, and paper-based sensors have made novel advancements and brought scientific insight for the on-site detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods. This review provides significant insights and future perspectives that might serve as the basis for the design and development of novel optical sensors with applicability in various fields. 

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Assisted Biomedical Systems for Intelligent Healthcare

Perspective and prospects of 2D MXenes for smart biosensing

By understanding the adverse effects of pesticide residues on human and aquatic health, the 21st century has awareness to the importance of adopting advanced agriculture based on minimum use of pesticide residues. Such advancements advocate the development of novel and sensitive analytical methods, which can detect ultra-low levels of pesticide residues with minimum complexity and requirement of expensive traditional analytical techniques. The objective of the present work is to bring forth the concept of green analytical chemistry and to assess the recent progress in pesticide detection techniques within the framework of green chemistry and sustainability. Herein, recent advances are outlined in analytical techniques based on nanosystems for convenient, fast, green, and ultrasensitive detection of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples, including deliberations on newer and future cost-effective, analytical approaches in the field of pesticide detection.

Anjali Khunger

Papers

Perspective and prospects of 2D MXenes for smart biosensing

Advanced green analytical chemistry for environmental pesticide detection