Glacial melting in the Tibetan Plateau affects the water resources of millions of people. This study finds that—partly owing to changes in atmospheric circulations and precipitation patterns—the most intensive glacier shrinkage is in the Himalayan region, whereas glacial retreat in the Pamir Plateau region is less apparent.

Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings

This statement was reviewed by the American Diabetes Association. The recommendations contained herein are consistent with the American Diabetes Association’s Clinical Practice Recommendations. 

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer in the adult population of Western societies,1 but the pathological processes and risk factors associated with its development have been shown to begin during childhood.2 Obesity plays a central role in the insulin resistance syndrome, which includes hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The incidence of type 2 diabetes reported in children has increased alarmingly.3,4

Resistance of the body to the actions of insulin results in increased production of this hormone by the pancreas and ensuing hyperinsulinemia. Obesity beginning in childhood often precedes the hyperinsulinemic state. Other components of the insulin resistance syndrome are also present in children and adolescents.5,6 An association between obesity and insulin resistance has been reported in the young, as has the link between insulin resistance, hypertension, and abnormal lipid profile. There is an increasing amount of data showing that being overweight during childhood and adolescence is significantly associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure in young adulthood. Weight loss by obese youngsters results in a decrease in insulin concentration and improvement in insulin sensitivity. Moreover, it has been determined that increased left ventricular mass, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults, is present in childhood. Recent research has found that left ventricular hypertrophy is related to other risk factors, including obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents.7 The specifics of the transition from risk factors in childhood to diabetes and cardiovascular disease are not clear, but compelling evidence points to their association with overt disease in adults. On the basis of current knowledge …

Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk in Children An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism)

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/STR.0000000000000375

2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

The outstanding properties of SiO2, which include high resistivity, excellent dielectric strength, a large band gap, a high melting point, and a native, low defect density interface with Si, are in large part responsible for enabling the microelectronics revolution. The Si/SiO2 interface, which forms the heart of the modern metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor, the building block of the integrated circuit, is arguably the worlds most economically and technologically important materials interface. This article summarizes recent progress and current scientific understanding of ultrathin (<4 nm) SiO2 and Si–O–N (silicon oxynitride) gate dielectrics on Si based devices. We will emphasize an understanding of the limits of these gate dielectrics, i.e., how their continuously shrinking thickness, dictated by integrated circuit device scaling, results in physical and electrical property changes that impose limits on their usefulness. We observe, in conclusion, that although Si microelectronic devices...

Ultrathin (<4 nm) SiO2 and Si-O-N gate dielectric layers for silicon microelectronics: Understanding the processing, structure, and physical and electrical limits

Monitoring land use/cover change using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study of Hawalbagh block, district Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Blood stream infections (BSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and BSI after implantation of LVAD for advanced heart failure (HF). This was a retrospective descriptive review of 87 patients with end-stage HF, who underwent implantation of HeartMate II continuous-flow LVAD over a 4 year period. Blood stream infections were diagnosed by serial blood cultures, and suspected neurological complications including CVAs were confirmed by neuroimaging. Extensive patient chart review was performed, and descriptive characteristics were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The mean age of our study population was 62.3 ± 12.8 years, and the majority of our patients were males (n = 75, 86.2%). The baseline characteristics were comparable in the patients with and without CVAs. Patients with BSI had a much greater incidence of CVA compared to patients without BSI (n = 13, 43.3% vs. n = 5, 10.0%; p 20-fold risk of hemorrhagic CVA (OR = 24; 95% CI = 2.8-201.1; p = 0.03). Advanced HF patients with LVAD support who developed BSI need urgent evaluation and close monitoring for suspected neurological complications, particularly hemorrhagic CVA.

Are blood stream infections associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a left ventricular assist device

The ability of insulin to decrease urinary sodium excretion has been recognized for more than 30 years. While most investigators agree that this occurs predominantly through increased tubular sodium reabsorption, the nephron segments at which insulin exerts this effect in vivo remain controversial. Additionally, little information is available in mammalian systems on the mechanism of the insulin response or its relation to other hormonal systems important in the regulation of tubular sodium transport. Data from amphibian transporting epithelia suggest a potential for interactions between insulin and several other peptide hormones in the regulation of sodium transport. The following discussion attempts to review our knowledge of the effects of insulin on renal sodium reabsorption and describes new data suggesting that insulin's antinatriuretic response is dependent on antidiuretic hormone but independent of the angiotensin and prostaglandin systems.

Effects of insulin on renal sodium excretion.

The intensive study of an individual watershed is required to develop effective and efficient watershed management plans. Identification of critical erosion-prone areas of the watershed and implementation of best management practices (BMPs) is necessary to control the watershed degradation by reducing the sediment and nutrient losses. The present study evaluates and recommends the BMPs in an agriculture-based Marol watershed (5092 km2) of India, using a hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). After successful calibration and validation, the model simulated daily/monthly discharge and sediment were found satisfactory throughout the simulation period. The model was then applied with a calibrated set of parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of various management practices for sediment and nutrient loss control. Keeping in mind the existing agricultural practices, socio-economic aspects and geography of the study area, the management practices were focused on four crops (Maize, Rice, Soybeans and Ground nut), three fertilization levels (high, medium and low), four tillage treatments (Field cultivator, Conservation tillage, Zero tillage and Mould board plough), and two conservation operations (Contour farming and Filter strips). The simulated annual average sediment yield from the watershed was found to be 12.2 t.ha−1yr−1. The water balance analysis revealed that, the evapo-transpiration is predominant over the watershed (approximately 46.3% of the annual average rainfall). Reduction in sediment yield and nutrient loss was observed with alternate cropping treatments of Groundnut and Soybean, as compared to Paddy and Maize cultivation. Overall, based on simulated results, the field cultivator tillage practice and conservation practices viz., contour farming and filter strips, could be adopted to reduce sediment yield and nutrient losses in the critical sub-watersheds of the study area and in other watersheds with similar hydro-climatic conditions.

/pdf/evaluation-of-best-management-practices-for-sediment-and-1x4t6yamya.pdf

Evaluation of best management practices for sediment and nutrient loss control using SWAT model

Objective
To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia (C. trifolia) Linn. (Vitaceae), an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.

Ankit Gupta

Papers

Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Are blood stream infections associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a left ventricular assist device

Effects of insulin on renal sodium excretion.

Evaluation of best management practices for sediment and nutrient loss control using SWAT model

Pharmacognostic evaluation of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) leaf