Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background A wide range of evidence has shown that healthcare workers, currently on the frontlines in the fight against COVID-19, are not spared from the psychological and mental health-related consequences of the pandemic. Studies synthesizing the role of coping behaviours, psychological resilience, and social support in safeguarding the mental health of HCWs during the pandemic is largely unknown. Aim (s) To appraise and synthesize studies examining psychological resilience, coping behaviours, and social support among healthcare workers (HWCs) during the coronavirus pandemic. Design This is a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. Method Using articles from PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, MEDLINE and PsychINFO, a total of 31 articles were included in the review. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta□Analyses statement guidelines. Results Healthcare workers were found to have moderate to high levels of psychological resilience and utilized both problem-centred coping (e.g., use of social support, praying) and emotion-centred coping (e.g., use of diversionary activities) to manage the stress-associated with the coronavirus pandemic. Coping behaviours, psychological resilience, and social support were associated with positive mental and psychological health outcomes. Conclusion Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of coping behaviours, psychological resilience, and social support to preserve psychological and mental health among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relevance to Practice In order to safeguard the mental health and well-being of HCWs during the pandemic, hospital and nursing administrators should focus on building coping skills, psychological resilience, and social support in HWCs through innovative and theory-based interventions, supportive leadership, and fostering a resilient work environment.

https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.20226415v1.full.pdf

Psychological resilience, coping behaviours, and social support among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of quantitative studies

AIM: To appraise and synthesize studies examining resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the coronavirus pandemic. BACKGROUND: A wide range of evidence has shown that health care workers, currently on the frontlines in the fight against COVID-19, are not spared from the psychological and mental health-related consequences of the pandemic. Studies synthesizing the role of coping behaviours, resilience and social support in safeguarding the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic are largely unknown. EVALUATION: This is a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. A total of 31 articles were included in the review. KEY ISSUES: Health care workers utilized both problem-centred and emotion-centred coping to manage the stress associated with the coronavirus pandemic. Coping behaviours, resilience and social support were associated with positive mental and psychological health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of coping behaviours, resilience and social support to preserve psychological and mental health among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: In order to safeguard the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic, hospital and nursing administrators should implement proactive measures to sustain resilience in HCWs, build coping skills and implement creative ways to foster social support in health care workers through theory-based interventions, supportive leadership and fostering a resilient work environment.

Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies.

Pandemics have become more frequent and more complex during the twenty-first century Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following pandemics is a significant public health concern We sought to provide a reliable estimate of the worldwide prevalence of PTSD after large-scale pandemics as well as associated risk factors, by a systematic review and meta-analysis We systematically searched the MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases to identify studies that were published from the inception up to August 23, 2020, and reported the prevalence of PTSD after pandemics including sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Poliomyelitis, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), H5N1, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) A total of 88 studies were included in the analysis, with 77 having prevalence information and 70 having risk factors information The overall pooled prevalence of post-pandemic PTSD across all populations was 226% (95% confidence interval (CI): 199-254%, I2: 997%) Healthcare workers had the highest prevalence of PTSD (269%; 95% CI: 203-336%), followed by infected cases (238%: 166-310%), and the general public (193%: 153-232%) However, the heterogeneity of study findings indicates that results should be interpreted cautiously Risk factors including individual, family, and societal factors, pandemic-related factors, and specific factors in healthcare workers and patients for post-pandemic PTSD were summarized and discussed in this systematic review Long-term monitoring and early interventions should be implemented to improve post-pandemic mental health and long-term recovery

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Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after infectious disease pandemics in the twenty-first century, including COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

In light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and potential future infectious disease outbreaks, a comprehensive understanding of the negative effects of epidemics and pandemics on healthcare workers' mental health could inform appropriate support interventions Thus, we aimed to synthesize and quantify the psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among frontline medical staff We searched four databases up to March 19, 2020 and additional literature, with daily search alerts set up until October 26, 2020 Studies reporting psychological and/or psychosomatic symptoms of healthcare workers caring for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, H1N1, Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome, or COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion Two reviewers independently conducted the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis and involved a third reviewer in case of disagreement We used random effects modeling to estimate the overall prevalence rates of psychological/psychosomatic symptoms and the I2 statistic We included 86 studies, reporting data from 75,991 participants Frontline staff showed a wide range of symptoms, including concern about transmitting the virus to the family (6039%, 95% CI 4253-7696), perceived stress (5677%, 95% CI 3421-7795), concerns about own health (4597%, 95% CI 3108-6123), sleeping difficulties (3988%, 95% CI 2770-5272), burnout (3181%, 95% CI 1332-5389), symptoms of depression (2572%, 95% CI 1834-3386), symptoms of anxiety (2536%, 95% CI 1790-3364), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (2451%, 95% CI 1816-3146), mental health issues (2311%, 95% CI 1598-3110), and symptoms of somatization (1468%, 95% CI 1067-1918) We found consistent evidence for the pervasive and profound impact of large-scale outbreaks on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers As the CO-VID-19 crisis continues to unfold, guaranteeing easy access to support structures for the entire healthcare workforce is vitally important

What We Have Learned from Two Decades of Epidemics and Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Burden of Frontline Healthcare Workers.

Aims and objectives This study aimed to portray the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among frontline nurses during COVID-19 outbreak. Background The COVID-19 outbreak has posed great threat to public health worldwide. Nurses fighting against the epidemic on the frontline might be under great physical and psychological distress. This psychological distress was predominantly described as sleep disturbance, symptoms of anxiety and depression, post-traumatic stress, inability to make decisions and even somatic symptoms. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Frontline nurses from designated hospitals for COVID-19 patients were invited to complete an online survey by convenience sampling, and the survey included six main sections: the General Health Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, socio-demographic, occupation and work history. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors of psychological distress. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist. Results Of the 263 frontline nurses, 66 (25.1%) were identified as psychological distress. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that working in emergency department, concern for family, being treated differently, negative coping style and COVID-19-related stress symptom were positive related to psychological distress. Perceived more social support and effective precautionary measures were negatively associated with psychological distress. Conclusions The study demonstrated that COVID-19 had a significant psychological impact on frontline nurses. Early detection of psychological distress and supportive intervention should be taken according to the associated factors to prevent more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses. Relevance to clinical practice This study highlighted that the frontline nurses were suffering from varying degrees of psychological distress, which needed early screening and supportive intervention for preventing more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses. Beside, more specific measurement should be combined with the GHQ-12 to assess the varying degrees of psychological distress in frontline nurses.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jocn.15454

Psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on frontline nurses: A cross-sectional survey study.

The review aimed to present a synthesis of nurses' preparedness for infectious disease and the components of emergency preparedness.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nop2.1170

Are nurses prepared to respond to next infectious disease outbreak: A narrative synthesis

In order to understand the clinical application status and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing techniques in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients, and explore the strategies to promote the application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients, this study selected 79 hospitals in Guangdong Province by the method of stratified sampling and objective sampling, and investigated the head nurses or nursing leaders in the departments that treated venomous snake bite patients. The results showed that the carry-out rate of TCM nursing techniques for venomous snake bite in hospitals of Guangdong province was only 31.6%. The most common use TCM nursing techniques were external application of TCM, acupuncture and bloodletting, and internal use of TCM. The main reasons affecting the application of TCM nursing techniques in patients with snakebite were "doctors rarely prescribe TCM nursing advice", "nurses were not good at TCM nursing skills" and "lack of necessary instruments and equipment". It can be seen that there is still a great space for TCM nursing techniques to be applied and promoted in the treatment of venomous snake bite patients. In the future, it is necessary to improve doctors' attention to TCM nursing and nurses' knowledge and nursing techniques of TCM nursing. 

/pdf/investigation-and-analysis-of-clinical-application-of-32di43ov.pdf

Investigation and Analysis of Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Treatment of Snakebite

Purpose Previous studies revealed that informal caregivers for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) experience perceived caregiver burden. Although Liangshan prefecture is one of the areas with the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in China, little is known about burden of informal caregivers for PLWHA. This study aimed to evaluate caregiver burden and these predictors among informal caregivers of PLWHA in Liangshan prefecture, China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August to December 2017. We used convenience sampling to recruit informal caregivers of PLWHA. A total of 222 participants completed questionnaires including demographic information, caregiving-related information, and caregiver burden (measured by Zarit Burden Interview, ZBI). SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Independent student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Spearman rank correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results The mean ZBI score was 40.61 (SD = 14.47), and 199 (89.6%) informal caregivers had a mild or above caregiver burden. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that older age (P=0.003), caregivers with poor health (P=0.002), parent-caregivers (P=0.001), poorer ability in ‘balancing caregiving needs and their own needs’ (P<0.001), and ‘managing emotional needs’ (P=0.014) were significantly associated with higher level of caregiver burden. Conclusion The majority of informal caregivers had perceived caregiver burden in Liangshan prefecture of China. Findings emphasize that health-care providers, medical institutions and government should develop educational programs and policy to improve caregiver’s ability to cope with caregiving for PLWHA, and take more attention to caregivers with health problem, at older age, parent-caregivers. These may contribute to reducing caregiver burden among informal caregivers of PLWHA.

Anliu Nie

Papers

Psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on frontline nurses: A cross-sectional survey study.

Are nurses prepared to respond to next infectious disease outbreak: A narrative synthesis

Investigation and Analysis of Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Treatment of Snakebite

Caregiver Burden Among Informal Caregivers of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture, China