Herbal beverages: Bioactive compounds and their role in disease risk reduction - A review.

Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the bael fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa): A concise review

Diterpenes from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Defining their potential for anti-cancer activity

Therapeutic potential of Aegle marmelos (L.)-An overview

Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important defenses against oxidative stress through the fine-tuned regulation of redox homeostasis. Glutathione is also involved in many metabolic processes and is important for the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and death. Furthermore, GSH and the enzymes that are involved in its biosynthesis, catabolism, and detoxification (e.g., disulfide-oxidized glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and γ-glutamyltranspetidase) play an important role in several diseases, including cancer. In cancer cells, these enzymes protect the tumor microenvironment against oxidative stress and cell death and are important for tumor growth and development. Thus, the GSH system is an important tool for investigating new pharmacological approaches for cancer treatment. Several preclinical models of solid tumors are available for this purpose. This review summarizes and discusses the regulation and dysregulation of GSH and its related enzymes in different models of solid tumors, and potential treatments that target the GSH system.

Glutathione system in animal model of solid tumors: From regulation to therapeutic target.

Background This study was carried out to observe the radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng root extract (PGE) against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in blood and liver of mice Materials and methods Adult Swiss albino mice were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation in the presence (experimental) or absence (control) of PGE to study the quantitative and qualitative alterations in the blood and liver Results Radiation exposure resulted in a significant decline (P < 001) in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) in peripheral blood Maximum changes in all the parameters were observed on day 3 after irradiation In contrast, PGE-pretreated irradiated animals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte, Hct, and Hb values compared with irradiated controls Furthermore, a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation level over normal was recorded in irradiated control mice, whereas this increase was considerably lesser in PGE pretreated animals Likewise, pretreatment with PGE caused a significant increase in glutathione levels in serum as well as in liver in comparison to irradiated controls Conclusion From this study, it is clearly evident that PGE provides protection against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735410375098

Amelioration of radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice by Panax ginseng extract.

Aegle marmelos is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, cancer chemopreventive properties were evaluated on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. A single topical application of DMBA, followed 2 weeks later by repeated application of croton oil till the end of the experiment ( i.e. 16 weeks) caused a 100% tumor incidence. In contrast, mice treated with the AME (50 mg/kg b. wt./animal/day) in the peri-initiational phase (i.e. 7 days before and 7 days after DMBA application; Group IV) and post-initiational phase (from the day of croton oil treatment till the end of the experiment; Group V), exhibited a significant reduction to 70 and 50% respectively. The cumulative number of papillomas after 16 weeks was 67 in the control group, but 26 and 23 in the animals treated with AME at peri-initiational and post-initiational stages, respectively. The tumor burden and tumor yield were significantly decreased (Group IV-3.7, 2.6; Group V- 4.6, 2.3) as compared to carcinogen treated control group (6.7, 6.7). The present study demonstrates the chemopreventive potential of Aegle marmelos fruit extract on DMBA induced skin tumorigenesis in mice.

Chemomodulatory Effects of Aegle Marmelos Against DMBA- Induced Skin Tumorigenesis in Swiss Albino Mice

Chemoprevention is a novel approach to study the anti-initiating and anti-tumor-promoting efficacy of medicinal plants and their active principles. The present study investigated the chemopreventive potential of Aegle marmelos fruit extract in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin carcinogenesis and its influence on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system. The oral administration of A marmelos at 100 mg/kg body weight/day during peri-initiational, postinitiational, and peri- & postinitiational phases of papillomagenesis showed significant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor yield, tumor burden, and cumulative number of papillomas when compared with carcinogen-treated control. The average latent period significantly increased (7.88 weeks; control group) to 9.45, 11.11, and 11.54 weeks in different A marmelos extract (AME) experimental groups. Enzyme analysis of skin and liver showed a significant elevation in antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and vitamin C in AME-treated groups when compared with the carcinogen-treated control. The elevated level of lipid peroxidation in the positive control was significantly inhibited by AME administration. These results indicate that AME has the potential to reduce chemical-induced skin papillomas by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534735411417127

Amelioration of Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Aegle marmelos, an Indian Medicinal Plant, Fruit Extract

The radioprotective effect of Rosemarinus officinalis extract (ROE) was studied in mice exposed to 3 Gy gamma radiation. Crypt survival, villus length, apoptotic cells, mitotic figures and goblet cells in intestine were studied at different autopsy intervals i.e. 12 hrs to 30 days after irradiation. Maximum changes in all the intestinal parameters were observed on day 3 after irradiation. Irradiated animals with ROE pretreatment exhibited a significant increase in the number of crypt cells, mitotic figures and villus length; whereas a significant decrease in the counts of apoptotic and goblet cells showed a significant decrease respective controls at all the autopsy intervals. Irradiation of animals resulted an elevation in lipid peroxidation and a reduction in glutathione concentration in the intestine at 1 hour post-irradiation. In contrast, ROE treatment before irradiation caused a significant depletion in lipid peroxidation and elevation in glutathione levels.

Influence of Rosemarinus officinalis extract on radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice.

This study assessed the chemopreventive potential of the Aegle marmelos plant on mouse skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by croton oil. A significant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor burden, tumor multiplicity, and the cumulative number of papillomas, along with a significant increase in the average latent period, was recorded in mice treated orally with A. marmelos extract (AME) at peri - and post-initiation phases (i.e., 7 days before DMBA application and continued until the end of the experiment) of papillomagenesis as compared with the carcinogen-treated controls. Furthermore, a significant increase in catalase activity, reduced glutathione and total proteins, and a depleted level of lipid peroxidation were observed in liver and skin of AME-treated animals as compared with the carcinogen-treated controls. Thus, the oral administration of AME, at a dose of 50 mg/kg body wt per day per animal, was found to be significantly effective in reducing skin tumors against chemical carcinogenesis in mice.

Annapurna Agrawal

Papers

Amelioration of radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice by Panax ginseng extract.

Chemomodulatory Effects of Aegle Marmelos Against DMBA- Induced Skin Tumorigenesis in Swiss Albino Mice

Amelioration of Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Aegle marmelos, an Indian Medicinal Plant, Fruit Extract

Influence of Rosemarinus officinalis extract on radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice.

Chemically Induced Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice and Its Prevention by Aegle marmelos (an Indian Medicinal Plant) Fruit Extract