By Pierre Bourdieu (London: Routledge, 2010), xxx + 607 pp. £15.99 paper. A combination of social theory, statistical data, illustrations, and interviews, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judg...

Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste

E-Moderators are \"the new generation of teachers and trainers who work with learners online\" (p. viii) using Computer-Mediated Conferencing (CMC) as a learning tool, regardless of the subject they are teaching. They are the focus of E-Moderating, a recent book which provides both a theoretical framework for developing online learning using CMC (part one), and a wealth of practical advice (part two). The book is supported by a Web site. The author, Gilly Salmon, a distance education specialist with the Open University Business School in the UK, provides a five-step model of effective online education, along with copious examples of how the model relates to real-life online learning contexts. Salmon proposes that, by basing learning on a constructivist model, it is e-moderators that can make the difference in online education as they convene, direct, summarize, and archive synchronous and asynchronous discussions.

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E-Moderating: The Key to Teaching and Learning Online

Die feinen Unterschiede

Does temporal language depend on spatial language? Many parallels between spatial and temporal expressions, and many examples of metaphorical processes, seem to prove this. But how are expressions such as before and after, in front and behind actually used in natural discourse - does their application reflect a conceptual dependency relation? The book addresses this question from an innovative perspective, drawing together earlier findings from various directions and supplementing them by empirical investigations.

Space, Time, and the Use of Language: An Investigation of Relationships

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Wayfinding choremes - conceptualizing wayfinding and route direction elements.

This paper investigates geometric and ontological aspects of shape concepts underlying the semantics of nouns Considering the German shape nouns Ecke and Knick (corner and kink) we offer a geometric framework to characterize substantial aspects of shape based on features of the object's boundary Using the axiomatic method, we develop a geometric system, called 'planar shape geometry', enriching the basic inventory of ordering geometry by shape curves The geometric characterization is not sufficient to decide which are the referents of the nouns Ecke and Knick among the entities involved in the spatial constellation Different tests using the German topological prepositions in and an (in and at) are employed to bring forth this decision for the case of Ecke Since these tests do not give uniform evidence in favor of one solution, we have to conclude that Ecke is flexible in selecting the referent and the characterizations discussed reflect its meaning spectrum

Shape Nouns and Shape Concepts: A Geometry for 'Corner'

Science communication only reaches certain segments of society. Various underserved audiences are detached from it and feel left out, which is a challenge for democratic societies that build on informed participation in deliberative processes. While only recently researchers and practitioners have addressed the question on the detailed composition of the not reached groups, even less is known about the emotional impact on underserved audiences: feelings and emotions can play an important role in how science communication is received, and “feeling left out” can be an important aspect of exclusion. In this exploratory study, we provide insights from interviews and focus groups with three different underserved audiences in Germany. We found that on the one hand, material exclusion factors such as available infrastructure or financial means as well as specifically attributable factors such as language skills, are influencing the audience composition of science communication. On the other hand, emotional exclusion factors such as fear, habitual distance, and self- as well as outside-perception also play an important role. Therefore, simply addressing material aspects can only be part of establishing more inclusive science communication practices. Rather, being aware of emotions and feelings can serve as a point of leverage for science communication in reaching out to underserved audiences.

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Feeling Left Out: Underserved Audiences in Science Communication

The paper reports on a research project exploring the change in the organizational context of communicators and communication units in higher education and research institutions (HERIs), the importance of informal processes within their daily work and the great diversity of expectations communicators have to tackle.,Based on a literature review, a mixed-methods study combining expert interviews with 54 German HERI heads of communication units, an online-survey and a document analysis of organizational characteristics was conducted. Findings were validated in four focus groups.,The study illuminates the impact of organizational and operational structures of HERIs on communicators and their boundary spanning activities. Due to varying expectations of stakeholders, communicators constantly have to switch roles. Members of HERIs' executive boards affect status and working conditions for communicators in the organization.,Interviews with other HERI actors, especially members of the executive board, are proposed to get more thorough insights into the organizational context of HERIs and the mutual expectations of different internal stakeholders.,Insights from the project may help HERI actors to reflect their organizational context and to identify potentially contentious structures or processes.,Communicating science sometimes clashes with complex organizational and operational structures. Despite the “organizational turn” in HERI research, there is a lack of data on the relation between communicators, their communication units and the larger organizational context. The exploratory study addresses this gap.

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JCOM-06-2019-0094/full/pdf

Communicating science in higher education and research institutions: An organization communication perspective on science communication

Der Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Inhalten ist in der heutigen Gesellschaft wichtiger denn je, sei es als individuelle Bildungs- und Karrierechance oder als Grundlage fur die Teilhabe an gesellschaftlichen und politischen Diskursen. Auf der anderen Seite stehen viele Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation vor der Herausforderung, dass sie etliche Teile der Bevolkerung nicht erreichen. Dieser Bericht des Projekts „Wissenschaft fur Alle“ widmet sich der Frage, wer diese Bevolkerungsgruppen sind, den Grunden fur das Nicht-Erreichen und moglichen Losungswegen. Dazu wurden zum einen nicht erreichte Gruppen und hierfur ursachliche Faktoren in der Literatur identifiziert und zum anderen Praxisprojekte im Bereich Wissenschaftskommunikation analysiert.

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Nicht erreichte Zielgruppen in der Wissenschaftskommunikation: Literatur-Review zu Exklusionsfaktoren und Analyse von Fallbeispielen

This paper presents an analysis of German expressions such as “links unterm Schrank” (left below the cupboard). In this structure, two projective terms (an adverb and a preposition) are combined to give a complex description of a spatial constellation. We argue that there are mainly two readings of such combinations, usually resulting in different spatial models and justifying different inferences. One of them relates both terms to the same frame of reference. The other reading involves two independently determinable frames of reference. The combinational properties of frames of reference lead to conclusions about the spatial extension of the region that a projective term determines.

Annette Leßmöllmann

Papers

Shape Nouns and Shape Concepts: A Geometry for 'Corner'

Feeling Left Out: Underserved Audiences in Science Communication

Communicating science in higher education and research institutions: An organization communication perspective on science communication

Nicht erreichte Zielgruppen in der Wissenschaftskommunikation: Literatur-Review zu Exklusionsfaktoren und Analyse von Fallbeispielen

Multiple Frames of Reference in Interpreting Complex Projective Terms