物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Aspect] is a simple and practical aspect-oriented extension to Java With just a few new constructs, AspectJ provides support for modular implementation of a range of crosscutting concerns. In AspectJ's dynamic join point model, join points are well-defined points in the execution of the program; pointcuts are collections of join points; advice are special method-like constructs that can be attached to pointcuts; and aspects are modular units of crosscutting implementation, comprising pointcuts, advice, and ordinary Java member declarations. AspectJ code is compiled into standard Java bytecode. Simple extensions to existing Java development environments make it possible to browse the crosscutting structure of aspects in the same kind of way as one browses the inheritance structure of classes. Several examples show that AspectJ is powerful, and that programs written using it are easy to understand.

An overview of AspectJ

This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.

As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

The C programming language

▶ Addresses the accessibility, usability, and, ultimately, acceptability of Information Society Technologies by anyone, anywhere, at anytime, and through any media and device. ▶ Focuses on theoretical, methodological, and empirical research, of both technological and non-technological nature. ▶ Features papers that report on theories, methods, tools, empirical results, reviews, case studies, and best-practice examples.

Universal access in the information society

The B Book

Accessibility and high quality of interaction with products, applications, and services by anyone, anywhere, and at any time are fundamental requirements for universal access in the emerging Information Society. This paper discusses these requirements, and their relation to the concept of automated adaptation of user interfaces. An example application is presented, showing how adaptation can be used to accommodate the requirements of different user categories and contexts of use. This application is then used as a vehicle for discussing a new engineering paradigm appropriate for the development of adaptation-based user interfaces. Finally, the paper investigates issues concerning the interaction technologies required for universal access.

Universal Access in the Information Society: Methods, Tools, and Interaction Technologies

Today, computer games are one of the major sources of entertainment Computer games are usually far more demanding than typical interactive applications in terms of motor and sensory skills needed for interaction control, due to special-purpose input devices, complicated interaction techniques, and the primary emphasis on visual control and attention This renders computer games inaccessible to a large percentage of people with disabilities This article introduces the concept of universally accessible games, that is, games proactively designed to optimally fit and adapt to individual gamer characteristics and to be concurrently played among people with diverse abilities, without requiring particular adjustments or modifications The concept is elaborated and tested through four case studies: a web-based chess game (UA-Chess), an action game (Access Invaders), a universally inaccessible game (Game Overe) used as an interactive educational tool, and an improved version of Access Invaders (Terrestrial Invaders) For all cases, key design and evaluation findings are discussed, reporting consolidated know-how and experience Finally, the research challenge of creating multiplayer universally accessible games is further elaborated, proposing the novel concept of Parallel Game Universes as a potential solution

https://www.ics.forth.gr/hci/files/selected_publications/2009_ACMCEM_DG-AS-CS.pdf

Designing universally accessible games

Unified user interface design: designing universally accessible interactions

Existing systems wliich enable the accessibiiity of Grapliical User Interfaces to blind people follow an "adaptation strategy"; each system adopts its own fixed policy for reproducing visual dialogues to a non-visual form, without knowledge about the application domain or particular dialogue characteristics. It is argued that non-visual User Interfaces should be more than automatically generated adaptations of visual dialogues. Tools are required to facilitate non-visual interface construction, which should allow iterative design and implementation (not supported by adaptation methods). There is a need for "integrated" User Interfaces which are concurrently accessible by both sighted and blind users in order to prevent segregation of blind people in their working environment. The concept of Ducil User Interfaces is introduced as the most appropriate basis to address this issue. A User Interface Management System has been developed, called HOMER, which facilitates the development of Dual User Interfaces. HOMER supports the integration of visual and non-visual lexical technologies. In this context, a simple toolkit has been also implemented for building non-visual User Interfaces and has been incorporated in the HOMER system.

Developing dual user interfaces for integrating blind and sighted users: the HOMER UIMS

Auditory presentation methods may significantly enhance the interaction quality during user-computer dialogue. The impact of auditory interaction methods is important in the context of non-visual interaction, where audio is the primary direct perception output modality. In a few cases, 3D-audio output techniques have been employed for providing interaction for blind users. Unfortunately, such developments have been too specialized and do not support re-usability of the implemented approaches and techniques in different contexts, where non-visual interaction needs to be realized. A generic re-usable environment has been implemented, based on 3D audio, 3D pointing, hand gestures and voice input, which is applicable in all cases that interactive hierarchically structured selections from sets of alternatives must be handled. This environment has been used to implement the hierarchical navigation dialogue in a multi- media non-visual toolkit currently under development. It is composed of a set of modules implementing re-usable functionality with which interaction for non-visual hierarchical navigation can be realized within any non-visual interaction toolkit.

Anthony Savidis

Papers

Universal Access in the Information Society: Methods, Tools, and Interaction Technologies

Designing universally accessible games

Unified user interface design: designing universally accessible interactions

Developing dual user interfaces for integrating blind and sighted users: the HOMER UIMS

A generic direct-manipulation 3D-auditory environment for hierarchical navigation in non-visual interaction